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从2006年到2019年,巴西5岁以下儿童的营养转变
Inês Rugani Ribeiro de Castro1, Luiz Antonio Dos Anjos2, Elisa Maria de Aquino Lacerda3
1Instituto de Nutrição, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.
Cadernos de saude publica
|October 25, 2023
概括
巴西的孩子们是巴西的孩子.
科学领域:
- 儿童营养学 儿童营养学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 营养流行病学 营养流行病学
背景情况:
- 营养过渡对儿童健康结果产生重大影响.
- 了解儿童营养趋势对于公共卫生干预至关重要.
- 巴西儿童面临着不断变化的营养挑战.
研究的目的:
- 分析2006年至2019年间巴西5岁以下儿童的营养转变情况.
- 评估微量营养素状况,人体状况和母乳养实践的变化.
- 根据社会经济和人口因素,识别营养指标的差异.
主要方法:
- 来自巴西国家人口统计和妇女和儿童健康调查 (PNDS 2006) 和巴西国家儿童营养调查 (ENANI-2019) 的微数据分析.
- 评估包括贫血,维生素A缺乏,发育迟缓,超重和母乳养在内的指标.
- 评估最低的饮食多样性,超加工食品消费和水果/蔬菜摄入量.
主要成果:
- 贫血和维生素A缺乏的患病率显著下降.
- 衰退率保持稳定,而过重的流行率增加.
- 纯母乳养和持续母乳养率呈现上升趋势.
- 2019年61.5%的儿童实现了最低的饮食多样性.
- 与地区,母亲的学校教育和种族/肤色相关的差异普遍下降.
结论:
- 巴西在幼儿中经历了混合营养过渡,在某些领域有所改善,在其他领域有所恶化.
- 增加母乳养和减少微量营养素缺乏是积极的趋势.
- 越来越多的超重和高超加工食品消费是公众健康问题.
- 在减少巴西儿童营养差异方面取得了进展.
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