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相关概念视频

Design of Prismatic Beams for Bending01:23

Design of Prismatic Beams for Bending

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The design of prismatic beams, structural elements with a uniform cross-section, focuses on ensuring safety and structural integrity under load. The design process begins by determining the allowable stress, either from material properties tables, or by dividing the material's ultimate strength by a safety factor. This safety factor is essential for accommodating uncertainties, and varies depending on the material—timber, steel, or concrete—with each having unique strength and...
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Blebs are a type of membrane protrusion formed by the internal hydrostatic pressure of the cytoplasm. Blebs are observed in several cell types, including fibroblasts, immune cells, and single-celled organisms like the amoeba. The primary function of blebs is cell locomotion and apoptosis, but they are also found during necrosis and cell division. The life cycle of a bleb comprises an initiation phase followed by the expansion and retraction phases.
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Bending01:10

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Pure bending is a fundamental concept in structural mechanics, essential for understanding how materials deform under symmetrical loads without direct forces. Pure bending occurs when prismatic members, such as beams, are subjected to equal and opposite moments that induce bending. The phenomenon is crucial as it allows for predicting stress distributions without the influence of axial or shear forces.
In pure bending, the bending stress in a beam is calculated based on the bending moment and...
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Bending Moment Diagram01:30

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A bending moment diagram is a graphical representation of the bending moments experienced by a beam under load along the beam length. It is an essential tool for engineers and designers to analyze structures and ensure they can withstand applied forces. The steps to create the bending moment diagram for a beam are listed below.
Determine reactive forces and couple moments: Calculate all the reactive forces and couple moments acting on the beam. In certain cases, when the beam is inclined at an...
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Microtubules form through the end-to-end polymerization of tubulin heterodimers. Kinetochore microtubules originate from the spindle poles, and their plus-ends connect with the kinetochores on sister-chromatids. Ndc80 protein complexes, present on the kinetochore, form low-affinity links with the plus end of these kinetochore microtubules.
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In the study of the mechanics of materials, analyzing the behavior of prismatic members under opposing couples is crucial for understanding internal stress distributions, which are essential for structural design. When subjected to couples, a prismatic member experiences internal forces that maintain equilibrium. A couple, characterized by two equal and opposite forces, creates a moment but no resultant force. The internal forces at any section cut of the member must balance these external...
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Design and Validation of a Volumetric-extrusion Bioprinter for Bioprinting of Soluble Basement Membrane Extract for Translational Research
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这是一个很大的问题.

Makiko Shimizu1, Shotaro Uehara2, Katsuhiro Ohyama3

  • 1Lab. of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Japan.

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概括

这项研究开发了药理动力学模型,以预测儿童的亚托莫克赛丁水平. 代谢物比可能有助于识别CYP2D6中间代谢剂,以优化ADHD治疗.

关键词:
在CYP2D6中.人类的CYP酶.药物遗传学 药物遗传学药物动力学建模 药物动力学建模

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科学领域:

  • 药理学 药理学是指药理学的学科.
  • 药理动力学 药理动力学
  • 药物新陈代谢 药物新陈代谢

背景情况:

  • 阿托莫克西丁是一种ADHD药物,也是CYP2D6探针基质.
  • 药物相互作用和个体代谢差异影响着阿托莫丁的疗效和安全性.
  • 准确的剂量需要了解CYP2D6酶活性.

研究的目的:

  • 开发和验证人类生理学基础的药理动力学 (PBPK) 模型,用于小儿患者的阿托莫丁.
  • 通过人性化肝脏小鼠模型,研究阿托莫丁和帕罗丁之间的药物相互作用.
  • 确定用于确定儿童群体中CYP2D6表型的简单方法.

主要方法:

  • 利用人性化肝脏小鼠研究观察药物相互作用.
  • 通过扩大小鼠数据,建立了人类PBPK模型.
  • 对来自日本儿科参与者 (8-14岁) 的药物监测数据进行验证的模型.

主要成果:

  • PBPK模型准确地预测了小儿病人的亚托莫克西丁及其代谢物度.
  • 潜在的中间代谢剂 (CYP2D6*10,*36基因) 的高肝脏暴露可能解释不良反应.
  • 4-hydroxyatomoxetine与N-desmethylatomoxetine的狭窄比例可能表明CYP2D6的中间代谢者.

结论:

  • 经过验证的药理动力学模型可以预测儿童的阿托莫克赛丁平稳状态度.
  • 尿液/血中的简单代谢物比可以作为CYP2D6中间代谢物的半定量标记.
  • 这种方法可以帮助优化atomoxetine的剂量和评估临床结果.