关于葡萄牙莱什曼病的健康学生和专业人员的知识,感知和实践:一个横截面研究
Rafael Rocha1,2, Cláudia Conceição1,2, Luzia Gonçalves1,2,3,4
1Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT), Universidade Nova de Lisboa (UNL), Lisbon, Portugal.
Parasites & vectors
|October 26, 2023
概括
卫生专业人员和学生表现出对莱什曼病的原因和传播有很好的了解. 然而,在葡萄牙承认人类莱什曼病的情况不太常见,这强调了需要一个健康方法来控制这种疾病的必要性.
科学领域:
- 一个健康,一个健康.
- 动物传播疾病 动物传播疾病
- 流行病学 流行病学
背景情况:
- 在地中海盆地对莱什曼病的控制需要跨动物,人类和环境卫生部门的综合努力.
- 评估欧洲卫生学生和专业人员的知识,认知和实践 (KPP) 可以确定理解莱什曼病的差距和差异.
- 这项研究旨在描述和比较葡萄牙的学生和卫生专业人员中关于莱什曼病的KPP.
研究的目的:
- 评估和比较与莱什曼病相关的当前知识,感知和实践.
- 在葡萄牙的健康学生和专业人员的各个子组之间确定KPP的差异.
- 通过一个健康的视角,为改善莱什曼病控制的策略提供信息.
主要方法:
- 通过在线问卷向葡萄牙的卫生学生 (医学,兽医学,环境卫生) 和专业人员 (医生,兽医,环境卫生技术人员) 分发,进行了一项横截式研究.
- 关于社会人口统计和KPP的数据是在2022年7月至12月期间收集的.
- 使用后勤回归模型分析变量与KPP得分之间的关联.
主要成果:
- 在486名参与者中,大多数人都知道莱什曼病是由关节动物传播的寄生虫引起的. 动物莱什曼病的诊断率为87%,但人类莱什曼病的诊断率仅为69%.
- 专业人员,特别是动物健康专业人员,平均知识和感知得分高于学生. 控制的主要障碍包括缺乏公众知识,动物的诊断/治疗失败,不有效的载体控制和有限的人类健康专业知识.
- 学生的更长的学习时间和医生之前的病例暴露与更高的知识分数相关.
结论:
- 虽然病因和传播被广泛理解,但在葡萄牙,对本土人类莱什曼病的认可是不理想的.
- 一个健康的方法对于有效的莱什曼病管理至关重要.
- 建议实施一项国家计划,包括系统的载体监测和动物和人类病例的综合报告,以解决已识别的控制障碍.
相关概念视频
01:22Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures
Essential infection prevention measures are based on the knowledge of the infection chain, the modes of transmission in healthcare settings, and the use of the best practices in all healthcare settings. Compulsory public reporting of healthcare-associated infection rates is needed to allow individuals and the community to make informed choices regarding selecting a healthcare facility.
The best practices for preventing healthcare-associated infections include hand hygiene, patient risk...
The best practices for preventing healthcare-associated infections include hand hygiene, patient risk...
01:30Leishmaniasis
Leishmaniasis is a protozoal disease caused by species of the genus Leishmania and transmitted through the bite of infected female sandflies. The parasite exists in two principal morphological forms during its life cycle. A sandfly acquires intracellular amastigotes from an infected reservoir host, such as a dog. Within the sandfly, these forms differentiate into motile, flagellated promastigotes. During a subsequent blood meal, promastigotes are injected into the human host, where they...
01:29Malaria
Malaria pathogenesis in humans reflects a delicate interplay between parasite biology and host response. Clinical illness reflects a host’s immune response to the parasite’s asexual replication cycle, which is often asymptomatic in individuals with partial immunity. From the parasite's perspective, transmission between mosquito and human with minimal host pathology is evolutionarily advantageous. Among the six Plasmodium species infecting humans, P. falciparum and P. vivax dominate in global...
01:28Toxoplasmosis
Toxoplasmosis, a zoonotic disease caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii, poses significant public health challenges globally due to its high seroprevalence and varied clinical manifestations. As an obligate intracellular parasite, T. gondii can infect all warm-blooded vertebrates, but felids are its only definitive hosts, shedding unsporulated oocysts into the environment. Humans typically acquire the infection through ingestion of tissue cysts in undercooked meat or oocysts from...
01:28Amebiasis
Entamoeba histolytica, a protozoan parasite, is responsible for intestinal and extraintestinal amebiasis. Though a significant proportion of infections remain asymptomatic, approximately 50 million individuals annually are estimated to present with clinical disease, resulting in up to 100,000 deaths globally. The disease burden is disproportionately high in regions with lower socioeconomic status, such as parts of India, Africa, Mexico, and Latin America.Etiology and TransmissionThe infective...
01:21Antiprotozoal Agents
Leishmaniasis is a widespread parasitic disease caused by several Leishmania species. It affects millions of people each year and remains a major public health problem in endemic regions. First-line treatment relies on pentavalent antimonials, including meglumine antimoniate and sodium stibogluconate. Even so, how these drugs work has not been fully clear, especially their interaction with parasite-specific biochemical pathways. One key target is trypanothione reductase (TR), an enzyme that...