第二次COVID-19助推剂对Omicron的有效性:智利的一项大型队列研究
Alejandro Jara1,2, Cristobal Cuadrado3,4, Eduardo A Undurraga5,6,7,8
1Facultad de Matemáticas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
Nature communications
|October 26, 2023
概括
第二种mRNACOVID-19疫苗增强剂提供了对重症监护室入院和死亡的高度保护. 至少六个月的有效性仍然很强,这表明可能不需要立即使用额外的助推剂.
科学领域:
- * 免疫学和疫苗科学
- * 公共卫生和流行病学
- * 传染病研究 传染病研究
背景情况:
- *持续的COVID-19大流行需要了解疫苗对新型SARS-CoV-2变种的有效性.
- *补充疫苗接种策略对于维持人口免疫力至关重要.
- *智利的经验为评估疫苗性能提供了一个大规模的,现实世界的数据集.
研究的目的:
- *为了评估基于mRNA的第二种疫苗增剂在智利大队伍中的有效性.
- * 为了比较四种不同的三剂初级疫苗接种方案的有效性.
- *为了评估对COVID-19相关的重症监护室 (ICU) 住院和死亡的保护.
主要方法:
- * 智利20岁以上375万个人的前性国家队列研究.
- *从2022年2月14日至8月15日,每周估计疫苗的有效性.
- * 危险比率计算,将接种疫苗的个体与未接种疫苗的个体进行比较,以混因素进行调整.
主要成果:
- *第二次mRNA助推剂的整体调整后有效率为88.2%对ICU入院和90.5%对死亡.
- *有效性随着时间的推移略有下降,可能是由于Omicron亚系 (BA.4/BA.5) 和免疫力减弱.
- *在所有评估的背景疫苗接种方案中观察到高保护度.
结论:
- *第二次mRNA疫苗助推剂提供了对严重的COVID-19结果的大量保护.
- *有效性保持在相当长的时间内,表明在考虑进一步的增强剂之前,可能需要6个月的时间间隔.
- *研究结果支持在流行病应对策略中继续使用mRNA助推剂.
相关概念视频
01:28Antimicrobial Effectiveness
24
The effectiveness of antimicrobial agents depends on various factors influencing their ability to eliminate microbial populations. Larger microbial populations require more time for complete eradication, emphasizing the importance of population size analysis when evaluating antimicrobial efficacy.Microbial resistance to antimicrobial agents varies significantly. Highly resilient microorganisms include endospores, gram-negative bacteria, and non-enveloped viruses, while prions are exceptionally...
24
01:23Immunological Memory
634
Immunological memory, a pivotal pillar of the adaptive immune system, is responsible for the body's ability to remember and respond more swiftly and effectively to previously encountered pathogens. This remarkable feature is what makes vaccines so effective in preventing diseases.
What is Immunological Memory?
Immunological memory is an integral function of the immune system that allows it to recognize and react more rapidly and effectively to pathogens previously encountered. This feature...
What is Immunological Memory?
Immunological memory is an integral function of the immune system that allows it to recognize and react more rapidly and effectively to pathogens previously encountered. This feature...
634
01:51Vaccinations
44.6K
Overview
44.6K
01:36Humoral Immune Responses
72.8K
Overview
72.8K
01:29Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens
798
The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
798
01:22Development of Immunocompetence
320
The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...
320