在感染和接种疫苗后对SARS-CoV-2的呼吸粘膜免疫记忆
Elena Mitsi1,2, Mariana O Diniz3, Jesús Reiné4,5
1Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. elena.mitsi@paediatrics.ox.ac.uk.
Nature communications
|October 26, 2023
概括
之前的SARS-CoV-2感染增加了接种疫苗的呼吸道免疫力. 仅靠外围疫苗接种可能无法产生对冠状病毒的持久肺部免疫力,这表明需要针对呼吸道的疫苗.
科学领域:
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 呼吸系统医学 呼吸系统医学
- 疫苗学 疫苗学 疫苗学
背景情况:
- 呼吸道粘膜免疫对于预防SARS-CoV-2等呼吸道病毒至关重要.
- 外围疫苗接种在产生持续的肺粘膜免疫力方面的有效性,特别是在先前感染后,在人类中仍然不清楚.
研究的目的:
- 调查之前的SARS-CoV-2感染和外围疫苗接种对人类肺部粘膜免疫力的影响.
- 为了比较呼吸道粘膜抗体和记忆T细胞在不同感染和疫苗接种历史的个体的生成.
主要方法:
- 来自人类捐赠者的支气管支气管洗样本的分析.
- 在呼吸道粘膜中定量SARS-CoV-2特异性抗体和记忆B细胞.
- 气道粘膜T细胞群 (CD4+和CD8+) 的表征及其抗原特异性.
主要成果:
- 与仅接种疫苗的个人相比,既有先前感染和接种疫苗的捐赠者表现出更高水平的呼吸道粘膜SARS-CoV-2抗体和记忆B细胞.
- 之前的感染诱导了不同的气道尖峰特异性记忆CD4+和CD8+T细胞群,不仅仅通过接种疫苗而扩大.
- 由感染引起的气道粘膜T细胞与外围T细胞呈现出不同的抗原特异性等级.
- 发现尖端特异性T细胞在免疫接种后的7个月内在肺粘膜中持续存在.
结论:
- 仅靠外围疫苗接种可能无法诱导对SARS-CoV-2的持久肺粘膜免疫力.
- 之前的SARS-CoV-2感染显著增强了接种疫苗后气道粘膜免疫反应的产生.
- 这些发现支持开发专门针对呼吸道的疫苗,以改善针对SARS-CoV-2的呼吸道保护.
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