大人如何理解小孩子说的话
Stephan C Meylan1,2, Ruthe Foushee3, Nicole H Wong4
1Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA. smeylan@mit.edu.
成年人熟练地解释儿童的早期语言,通过使用儿童打算交流的预期以及他们如何发音的预期来解释儿童的早期语言. 这种认知技能对于支持早期语言学习至关重要.
科学领域:
- 认知科学 认知科学
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 语言学的语言学.
背景情况:
- 儿童早期的语言与成年人的语言有很大不同.
- 护理人员有效地解释和响应孩子的新生沟通.
研究的目的:
- 调查成人听众如何从儿童的言语中推断出他们的意义.
- 检查成人期望在理解儿童发声中的作用.
主要方法:
- 利用贝叶斯框架进行口语识别建模.
- 开发了结合成人先前期望的计算模型.
主要成果:
- 模型复制了成年人对儿童言语的解释,但只有强烈的,特定于背景的先前期望.
- 证明了成人认知偏差对于破译儿童发声的必要性.
结论:
- 成年人的认知过程在支持早期沟通方面发挥着关键作用.
- 儿童可以有效地促使成年人采取行动,即使语言理解有限.
- 突出了成人倾听能力在第一语言学习理论中的重要性.
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