诊断时的年龄和诊断延迟在注意力缺陷多动症和自闭症谱中
Rachael Knott1, Olivia J Mellahn1, Jeggan Tiego1
1Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
The Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatry
|October 27, 2023
概括
患有注意力缺陷多动症综合症和自闭症的儿童和女性,经历了更长的诊断延迟. 需要进一步的研究来了解这些延迟的原因和影响.
科学领域:
- 神经发育障碍 神经发育障碍
- 儿科心理学 儿科心理学
- 诊断医学 诊断医学 诊断医学
背景情况:
- 准确及时诊断注意力缺陷多动症 (ADHD) 和自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 对儿童至关重要.
- 以前的研究主要集中在个体疾病的诊断延迟上,对同时出现的ADHD和ASD的关注较少.
- 没有研究直接比较了ADHD,ASD和ADHD+ASD组合的男性和女性之间的诊断延迟和诊断年龄.
研究的目的:
- 为了比较儿童的诊断年龄和诊断延迟,ADHD,ASD和ADHD+ASD同时发生.
- 调查这些疾病的诊断延迟的性别差异.
- 确定与儿科神经发育障碍延迟诊断相关的因素.
主要方法:
- 通过社交媒体和一个研究项目,招募了677名澳大利亚儿童护理人员,这些儿童被诊断患有多动症,自闭症或多动症+自闭症.
- 护理人员报告了他们孩子的诊断旅程,包括最初的发育问题.
- 诊断延迟计算为最初的担忧和正式的ADHD和/或ASD诊断之间的时间.
主要成果:
- 患有ASD的儿童的诊断年龄比ADHD+ASD的儿童年轻.
- 患有ADHD的儿童被诊断为比患有ADHD+ASD的儿童更年长.
- 与仅有ADHD和ASD组相比,ADHD+ASD组的诊断延迟明显更长.
- 与男性相比,患有ASD和ADHD+ASD的女性在接受自闭症诊断时面临更长的延迟.
结论:
- 综合的ADHD+ASD诊断和女性与诊断延长的延迟有关.
- 这些诊断延迟的根本原因需要进一步调查.
- 这些延迟对儿童结果的潜在不利影响需要进一步研究.
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