营养和免疫力:从冠状病毒疾病-2019中吸取教训
1School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK.
The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society
|October 27, 2023
概括
保持健康的免疫系统对于对抗感染至关重要. 诸如衰老,肥胖和营养不良等因素会削弱免疫力,增加感染风险,正如COVID-19大流行期间所见的那样. 解决这些问题可以减少未来的流行病负担.
科学领域:
- 免疫学和营养科学 免疫学和营养科学
- 传染病流行病学 传染病流行病学
背景情况:
- 免疫系统对于宿主对病原体的防御至关重要,免疫力受损会增加感染易感性,并削弱疫苗反应.
- 免疫功能随着年龄的增长而下降,并进一步受到脆弱,肥胖,营养不良和微量营养素缺乏的影响,所有这些都会增加感染风险.
研究的目的:
- 审查免疫系统的功能以及脆弱性,肥胖,微量营养素和肠道微生物群对免疫力和感染易感性的影响.
- 整合来自严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒2 (SARS-CoV-2) 流行病的研究结果,涉及这些因素和免疫健康.
主要方法:
- 文献综述综合了有关免疫,营养和感染的现有研究.
- 分析SARS-CoV-2流行病的数据,以证实或更新现有知识.
主要成果:
- 来自SARS-CoV-2流行病的发现加强了已知的衰老,虚弱和肥胖对免疫力和感染易感性的负面影响.
- 微量营养素 (维生素C,D,E,,) 和n-3脂肪酸对免疫健康至关重要,尽管它们在COVID-19中的治疗用途仍然不确定.
- 在COVID-19患者中观察到肠道功能障碍,益生菌显示出潜在的临床益处. 健康的饮食与SARS-CoV-2感染风险的降低有关.
结论:
- 解决脆弱性,肥胖和微量营养素缺乏症对于减轻未来的流行病影响和改善感染预防和疫苗反应至关重要.
- 营养策略应该是感染控制,疫苗优化和恢复协议的核心.
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