教育不匹配和工人的生育意图:来自中国的证据
Zizhe Zhang1, Nan Zhao1, Wanqing Liao1
1School of Statistics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland)
|October 27, 2023
概括
教育不匹配显著影响生育意图. 教育不足会对女性产生负面影响.
科学领域:
- 社会学 社会学 社会学
- 经济学 经济学 经济学
- 人口统计学 人口统计学
背景情况:
- 教育不匹配,即个人的教育水平与他们的工作要求不一致,是一个越来越令人担忧的问题.
- 了解它对个人决策 (如生育能力) 的影响,对于社会和经济政策至关重要.
- 以前的研究已经探讨了影响生育意图的各种因素,但教育不匹配的具体作用需要进一步调查.
研究的目的:
- 调查教育不匹配,特别是教育不足和过度教育对妇女生育意图的影响.
- 探索这种关系中介的潜在机制,如机会成本和职业期望.
- 确定特定的人口和社会经济群体,这些群体更容易受到教育不匹配对生育效果的影响.
主要方法:
- 使用来自中国家庭小组调查 (CFPS) 的数据.
- 采用经验研究方法,包括稳定性测试和仪器变量 (IV) 模型.
- 进行异质性分析,以检查各种子组之间的差异效应.
主要成果:
- 研究发现,教育不足对18至35岁女性的生育意图有显著的负面影响.
- 过度教育对生育意图没有显著影响.
- 教育不足的负面影响对社会经济地位较低的妇女更为明显,包括那些教育程度较低,收入较低和私营部门就业的妇女.
结论:
- 教育不足增加了女性生育的机会成本,因为潜在的工资溢价和提高了职业发展期望.
- 政策干预应侧重于减少弱势群体的劳动力市场替代风险,并减轻女性生育负担.
- 解决教育不匹配问题对于支持明智的生育决策和在劳动力市场和家庭生活中促进性别平等至关重要.
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