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虫治疗和在动物中寄生虫分布的稳定性
Eric R Morgan1, Anne Segonds-Pichon2, Hubert Ferté3
1School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 19, Chlorine Gardens, Belfast BT9 5DL, UK.
Animals : an open access journal from MDPI
|October 27, 2023
概括
定期去除寄生虫,如虫治疗,破坏了宿主-寄生虫关系的稳定,增加了寄生虫的过度分散. 主体免疫力有助于稳定寄生虫负担,但治疗干扰了牲畜中的这种自然调节.
科学领域:
- 兽医寄生虫学 兽医寄生虫学
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
- 人口动态 人口动态
背景情况:
- 寄生虫在宿主中过度分散是一种常见的现象,对人口动态和控制策略有重大影响.
- 影响寄生虫过度分散的关键因素包括随机获得和宿主免疫力,但它们的相互作用仍未得到充分探索.
- 泰勒定律是一个统计工具,用来描述人口计数的平均值和方差之间的关系.
研究的目的:
- 测试假设,定期的寄生虫去除破坏了宿主-寄生虫关系的稳定性,并增加了寄生虫负荷变异.
- 研究虫治疗频率和宿主免疫在调节反动物中的寄生虫过度分散方面的相对作用.
主要方法:
- 应用泰勒的电力定律来分析野生和养的反动物中325种线虫种群的寄生虫负担数据.
- 利用协变性分析来比较家养的反动物 (常规治疗) 和野生反动物之间的力量关系的斜率.
- 检查了便卵数和死后虫负担之间的差异,以评估宿主免疫力的影响.
主要成果:
- 泰勒功率定律的倾斜率随着海蒙丘菌种虫治疗频率的增加而增加. 和 *Trichostrongylus axei*. 这两种类型.
- 在 *Nematodirus* spp.,一个更强的免疫反应,斜率在死后数据比便卵数更大,不像在 *Marshallagia*.
- 研究结果表明,宿主免疫力稳定了寄生虫的变异性,而除草剂治疗破坏了这一点,增加了过度分散.
结论:
- 定期使用甲虫治疗会干扰免疫介导的寄生虫调节,导致家禽的过度分散性增加.
- 主体免疫力,特别是通过降低寄生虫的生育能力,稳定了寄生虫的分布.
- 结果影响了家禽的寄生虫控制策略,并了解了野生动物群体中的寄生虫动态.
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