针对老年人,弱势和高危人群的流感疫苗接种:叙述性审查和专家意见
Raffaele Antonelli Incalzi1, Agostino Consoli2, Pierluigi Lopalco3
1Gerontology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Campus Bio-Medico University and Teaching Hospital, Rome, Italy.
Internal and emergency medicine
|October 27, 2023
概括
流感疫苗接种通过预防严重疾病,显著有利于高风险群体,包括老年人. 专用疫苗,如高剂量流感疫苗,为这些弱势群体提供了更好的保护.
科学领域:
- 老年学是一门学科.
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 流感对健康构成重大风险,特别是在弱势群体,如老年人和患有慢性疾病的人群中.
- 在这些高风险群体中,流感感染的不良结果得到了充分记录.
- 接种流感疫苗在预防严重疾病和并发症方面具有明显的好处.
研究的目的:
- 审查流感在脆弱人群中的临床影响.
- 突出流感疫苗接种在预防严重结局方面的好处.
- 评估意大利适合老年人使用的流感疫苗.
主要方法:
- 对临床研究结果的文献综述 流感对脆弱人群的影响.
- 对老年人流感疫苗疗效,有效性和安全性的综合证据.
- 对高剂量和辅助性失活型流感疫苗的研究进行审查.
主要成果:
- 接种流感疫苗是有益的,特别是对于老年人和患有心血管疾病,糖尿病和慢性肺部疾病的人来说.
- 与标准剂量疫苗相比,高剂量流感疫苗在预防老年人实验室确诊的流感方面表现出更大的有效性.
- 尽管有建议,但高风险人群的疫苗接种覆盖率仍然低于最佳水平.
结论:
- 接种流感疫苗对于保护脆弱人群免受严重疾病和并发症至关重要.
- 专用疫苗,如高剂量流感疫苗,建议老年人使用,因为免疫衰老.
- 医疗保健专业人员在提高高风险人群流感疫苗接种率方面发挥着至关重要的作用.
相关概念视频
01:51Vaccinations
44.6K
Overview
44.6K
01:30Pneumonia V: Nursing management and Prevention
2.1K
Nursing management of pneumonia involves promoting airway patency, facilitating rest and conserving energy, encouraging fluid intake, maintaining nutrition, and educating patients.
The nurse must practice strict medical asepsis and adhere to infection control guidelines to minimize healthcare-associated infections.
Enhance airway patency
Position the patient correctly to facilitate drainage of the affected lung segments. Manual or mechanical percussion and vibration can also be employed....
The nurse must practice strict medical asepsis and adhere to infection control guidelines to minimize healthcare-associated infections.
Enhance airway patency
Position the patient correctly to facilitate drainage of the affected lung segments. Manual or mechanical percussion and vibration can also be employed....
2.1K
01:28Pneumonia IV: Management
338
The treatment of pneumonia varies based on its severity and the causative pathogen. Here is a structured approach to managing pneumonia, integrating pharmaceutical and supportive care strategies.
Bacterial Pneumonia Treatment
For bacterial pneumonia, antibiotics serve as the cornerstone of therapy. Initial treatment often begins with empirical antibiotics, tailored to the anticipated causative organism and adjusted based on culture results. Key antibiotic choices include:
Bacterial Pneumonia Treatment
For bacterial pneumonia, antibiotics serve as the cornerstone of therapy. Initial treatment often begins with empirical antibiotics, tailored to the anticipated causative organism and adjusted based on culture results. Key antibiotic choices include:
338
01:30Pneumonia III: Complications and Assessment
242
Pneumonia poses the potential for numerous complications that warrant consideration. These complications include the following:
242
01:22Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures
2.7K
Essential infection prevention measures are based on the knowledge of the infection chain, the modes of transmission in healthcare settings, and the use of the best practices in all healthcare settings. Compulsory public reporting of healthcare-associated infection rates is needed to allow individuals and the community to make informed choices regarding selecting a healthcare facility.
The best practices for preventing healthcare-associated infections include hand hygiene, patient risk...
The best practices for preventing healthcare-associated infections include hand hygiene, patient risk...
2.7K
01:18Factors Affecting Illness
4.2K
When a person's physical, emotional, intellectual, social development or spiritual functioning is compromised, this deviation from a healthy normal state is called illness. Illness creates stress that in turn harms individuals. Irritation, anger, denial, hopelessness, and fear are behavioral and emotional changes an individual experiences in the phases of illness. A variety of factors influence a person's health and well-being.
For instance, risk factors are connected to illness,...
For instance, risk factors are connected to illness,...
4.2K