重复COVID-19快速抗原测试对流行边界表现和错过诊断的影响
1Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)
|October 28, 2023
概括
快速抗原测试 (RAgT) 的流行率极限 (PB) 很低,有可能错过诊断. 重复测试可以提高准确性,但可能需要分子诊断来防止长时间的病毒传播和新变异.
科学领域:
- 传染病流行病学 传染病流行病学
- 诊断测试绩效评价 诊断测试绩效评价
- 公共卫生监督 公共卫生监督
背景情况:
- 患病率边界 (PB) 对于理解诊断测试的局限性至关重要,特别是在快速抗原测试 (RAgT) 中.
- 由于超过PB,错过诊断可能导致病毒持续传播,并可能导致新变种的出现.
- 目前美国食品和药物管理局的指导方针建议对无症状的个人进行三次测试,在五天内使用RAgT.
研究的目的:
- 以数学分析快速抗原测试 (RAgTs) 的性能.
- 通过RAgT识别患病率边界 (PB) 违规的原因.
- 评估无症状个体在五天内进行三重RAgT测试的有效性.
主要方法:
- 导出方程来比较RAgT性能模式,并计算流行边界 (PBs).
- 使用自2023年7月起的独立评估数据 (FDA-NIH-大学-商业) 进行理论计算.
- 分析分层灵敏度/特异性场景 (一级:90%/95%,二级:95%/97.5%,三级:100%/≥99%) 和重复测试的影响.
主要成果:
- 重复2级RAgT将PB从44.6%显著提高到95.2%,错误遗漏率为5% (RFO).
- 在独立评估中,RAgT敏感度从34.4%提高到55.3% (一次重复) 和68.5% (第三次测试).
- 在5%的RFO的情况下,RAgT的计算PB分别为7.37%,10.46%和14.22%,表明需要临床证明的91.0-91.4%的灵敏度.
结论:
- 使用低灵敏度RAgT的流行边界突破可以使病毒传播延续,延长传染,并促进新的变异.
- 重复的RAgT测试会延迟诊断,并且在高患病率环境中可能无法充分减轻风险.
- 建议进行分子诊断,以避免在RAgT性能不足时潜在的传播周期和疾病特有性.
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