抗微生物多种药物耐药性:对重症患者感染管理的临床影响
Gamze Kalın1, Emine Alp2, Arthur Chouaikhi3
1Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Türkiye.
Microorganisms
|October 28, 2023
概括
抗菌素耐药性 (AMR) 复杂化败血症治疗,增加死亡率和成本. 改善诊断和优化剂量等策略对于对抗多药耐药 (MDR) 病原体和制耐药性至关重要.
科学领域:
- 传染性疾病 传染性疾病
- 关键护理医学 关键护理医学
- 药理学 药理学是指药理学的学科.
背景情况:
- 抗菌素耐药性 (AMR) 的上升构成了全球健康的重大威胁,特别是在治疗败血症方面.
- 多药耐药 (MDR) 病原体使治疗复杂化,导致治疗延迟,死亡率增加,住院时间长,医疗费用增加.
- 经验广泛的抗生素使用,由MDR担忧和缓慢的诊断驱动,加剧了过度使用抗生素并促进了进一步的耐药性.
研究的目的:
- 审查多药耐药 (MDR) 病原体的流行病学和趋势.
- 探索患者风险分层,以确定对MDR感染的易感性.
- 讨论优化抗微生物药物剂量作为抗AMR的关键策略.
主要方法:
- 文献审查侧重于AMR,MDR病原体,败血症管理和抗菌药物管理.
- 对流行病学数据和抗菌素耐药性趋势的分析.
- 探索用于优化抗菌素使用的诊断和治疗策略.
主要成果:
- 全球AMR发病率的增加,特别是在重症监护室 (ICU),挑战了对败血症的实证抗生素治疗.
- 风险分层和快速分子诊断可以改善MDR病原体的识别,从而实现量身定制的抗菌疗法.
- 优化剂量策略,包括持续输液,治疗药物监测 (TDM) 和组合疗法,对于有效的治疗和抗药性缓解至关重要.
结论:
- 打击AMR需要采取多方面的方法,包括强大的监测计划和先进的诊断.
- 根据患者的风险和快速诊断量身定制抗微生物疗法至关重要,以避免不必要的广泛抗生素使用.
- 优化抗微生物剂量和采用TDM和组合疗法等策略,可以改善患者的治疗结果,并限制抗药性的出现.
更多相关视频
12:03Antimicrobial Synergy Testing by the Inkjet Printer-assisted Automated Checkerboard Array and the Manual Time-kill Method
Published on: April 18, 2019
26.3K
06:42Author Spotlight: Exploring the Antibacterial Effects of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles in Overcoming Antibiotic Resistance
Published on: September 27, 2024
1.7K
相关概念视频
01:28Pneumonia IV: Management
338
The treatment of pneumonia varies based on its severity and the causative pathogen. Here is a structured approach to managing pneumonia, integrating pharmaceutical and supportive care strategies.
Bacterial Pneumonia Treatment
For bacterial pneumonia, antibiotics serve as the cornerstone of therapy. Initial treatment often begins with empirical antibiotics, tailored to the anticipated causative organism and adjusted based on culture results. Key antibiotic choices include:
Bacterial Pneumonia Treatment
For bacterial pneumonia, antibiotics serve as the cornerstone of therapy. Initial treatment often begins with empirical antibiotics, tailored to the anticipated causative organism and adjusted based on culture results. Key antibiotic choices include:
338
01:28Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management
15
Introduction:For diagnosing acute pyelonephritis, a comprehensive patient history is collected to identify symptoms such as dysuria, frequent or urgent urination, flank pain, or costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness that may suggest a kidney infection.Physical ExaminationDuring the physical examination, CVA tenderness is assessed. This involves gentle percussion over the costovertebral angle, where tenderness often indicates a kidney infection.Diagnostic TestsUrinalysis: Used to identify white...
15
01:28Antimicrobial Effectiveness
24
The effectiveness of antimicrobial agents depends on various factors influencing their ability to eliminate microbial populations. Larger microbial populations require more time for complete eradication, emphasizing the importance of population size analysis when evaluating antimicrobial efficacy.Microbial resistance to antimicrobial agents varies significantly. Highly resilient microorganisms include endospores, gram-negative bacteria, and non-enveloped viruses, while prions are exceptionally...
24
01:30Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care
14
A healthcare provider can diagnose a urinary tract infection (UTI) through several methods:Medical History and Symptoms: The provider will take a detailed medical history and ask about symptoms such as frequent urination, burning sensation during urination, and lower abdominal pain.Urinalysis: A clean-catch urine sample is collected in a sterile container and tested for the presence of bacteria, white blood cells (leukocytes), nitrites, blood, and protein. The presence of leukocytes and...
14
01:30Development of Antibiotic Resistance
17
Antibiotic resistance is a major public health concern that arises when bacteria evolve mechanisms to withstand the effects of antibiotic treatments. This resistance can be intrinsic, acquired through genetic mutations, or transferred between bacteria via horizontal gene transfer. The development of antibiotic resistance poses significant challenges in treating bacterial infections and necessitates ongoing research to develop new therapeutic strategies.Intrinsic resistance occurs when bacterial...
17
01:27Combined Effects of Drugs: Synergism
4.0K
Synergism is a useful mechanism where combining two or more drugs is more effective than each constituent used alone. Such combinations are also called supra-additive interactions. The drugs collectively enhance the final therapeutic effect by acting on different targets. Another advantage is that the low dose of each constituent drug is sufficient to achieve the desired effect. This helps reduce the duration of therapy and lower the adverse effects of these drugs.
Such synergistic combinations...
Such synergistic combinations...
4.0K