对零剂量儿童接种疫苗的干预措施:叙述性审查和综合
Erin A Ingle1, Priyanka Shrestha1, Aparna Seth1
1Strategic Analysis, Research & Training (START) Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
Viruses
|October 28, 2023
概括
达到零剂量儿童,未接种疫苗和高风险,需要量身定制的策略. 干预措施必须结合社区参与,加强卫生系统和技术,适应城市贫民窟和冲突地区等不同环境.
科学领域:
- 全球健康 全球健康
- 疫苗学 疫苗学 疫苗学
- 公共卫生政策 公共卫生政策
背景情况:
- 零剂量儿童,定义为未接种疫苗的儿童,由于他们易受疫苗可以预防的疾病的影响,代表着一个关键的全球卫生挑战.
- 解决这一群体问题是国际卫生组织和政策制定者的主要优先事项.
- 确定有效的策略来接触这些儿童对于减少儿童死亡率至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 进行叙述性审查,确定卫生部门内外的干预措施,旨在达到零剂量儿童.
- 综合来自同行评审和灰色文献的发现,并补充了关键信息人采访.
- 分析涉及三个不同优先设置的干预措施:城市贫民窟,偏远/农村社区和冲突地区.
主要方法:
- 对同行评审和灰色文献进行了叙事审查.
- 为了丰富数据合成,进行了六次关键信息人采访.
- 干预数据按优先设置 (城市贫民窟,农村,冲突) 分类,并分为三个主题:社区参与,卫生系统加强和技术创新.
主要成果:
- 零剂量儿童在不同环境中遇到独特的疫苗接种障碍,需要特定环境的干预措施.
- 有效的策略包括利用像贫民窟卫生委员会这样的当地结构,并将服务与人道主义响应整合起来.
- 主要的干预主题是社区参与,卫生系统加强/整合以及技术创新.
结论:
- 要达到零剂量儿童,需要采取多方面的方法,因为没有单一的干预措施是足够的.
- 技术干预必须与社区参与和卫生系统加强相结合,以获得最大的影响.
- 由于目前的证据基础有限,对拟议的干预措施的进一步评估对于指导扩大规模至关重要.
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