在体外转录的基于RNA的平台疫苗:过去,现在和未来
Alexey D Perenkov1, Alena D Sergeeva1, Maria V Vedunova1
1Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.
Vaccines
|October 28, 2023
概括
使者RNA (mRNA) 疫苗,包括较新的自我放大mRNA,转放大mRNA和循环RNA平台,为开发有效的针对病毒性疾病和癌症的疫苗提供了有前途的进展.
科学领域:
- 分子生物学分子生物学
- 疫苗学 疫苗学 疫苗学
- 生物技术是生物技术.
背景情况:
- 使者RNA (mRNA) 在1961年被发现,其疫苗应用在几十年后出现.
- 随着COVID-19的流行,mRNA疫苗技术的发展显著加速.
- 开发了自我放大mRNA (saRNA) 和转放大mRNA (taRNA) 等增强功能,以改善RNA疫苗的特性,特别是循环时间.
研究的目的:
- 提供基础mRNA平台的概述.
- 批判性地讨论基于mRNA的先进平台:saRNA,taRNA和循环RNA (circRNA).
- 为了比较这些RNA疫苗技术的特点,优点和缺点.
主要方法:
- 关于mRNA疫苗技术的文献综述.
- 基于mRNA的不同平台 (mRNA,saRNA,taRNA,circRNA) 的比较分析.
- 讨论与疫苗开发相关的平台特征.
主要成果:
- 自成立以来,mRNA疫苗技术已经显著发展.
- 在传统的mRNA上,saRNA,taRNA和circRNA平台具有明显的优势.
- circRNA和taRNA被确定为特别有前途的疫苗平台.
结论:
- 像saRNA,taRNA和circRNA这样的先进mRNA平台为疫苗开发提供了改进的特性.
- 每个平台都有独特的功能,好处和缺点.
- 这种比较分析有助于为癌症和病毒性疾病疫苗选择最佳的RNA平台.
相关概念视频
01:29Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics
35
Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
35
01:29Viruses with RNA Genomes
35
RNA viruses are categorized into positive-strand, negative-strand, or double-stranded groups based on their genomic structure and replication mechanisms. This classification dictates how they exploit host cellular machinery for protein synthesis and replication. Some RNA viruses also utilize reverse transcription as part of their life cycle, further diversifying their replication strategies.Positive-Strand RNA VirusesPositive-strand RNA viruses have genomes that function directly as messenger...
35
02:28Leaky Scanning
5.1K
During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA. Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R...
5.1K