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最低工资法是否会影响雇主赞助的保险?
Mark K Meiselbach1, Jean M Abraham2
1Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States of America.
Journal of health economics
|October 28, 2023
概括
最低工资的增加减少了雇主医疗保险的提供,特别是对于小企业. 然而,整体无保险率没有变化,这可能是由于医疗补助入学人数增加.
科学领域:
- 卫生经济学 卫生经济学
- 劳动经济学 劳动经济学
- 公共卫生政策 公共卫生政策
背景情况:
- 最低工资法是影响劳动力成本的关键政策杆.
- 雇主资助的医疗保险是许多工人获得医疗保健的主要来源.
- 以前的研究表明,工资和非工资福利之间存在潜在的权衡.
研究的目的:
- 调查州最低工资上对雇主医疗福利条款的影响.
- 分析这些变化如何影响医疗保险和计划特征的提供.
- 了解对员工非保险率的后续影响.
主要方法:
- 利用了来自医疗支出小组调查 - 保险/雇主组件 (2002-2020) 的纵向数据.
- 使用差异回归模型来评估雇主赞助保险的变化.
- 分析了州级最低工资变化和雇主福利提供与时间的关系.
主要成果:
- 最低工资增加1美元与提供医疗保险的雇主减少0.92个百分点相关.
- 这种影响在小企业和那些低工资工人的比例较高的企业中更为明显.
- 最低工资增加1美元与自扣额度的计划增加1.83个百分点有关;其他福利特征没有出现一致的变化.
结论:
- 国家最低工资的增加可能会导致雇主提供的医疗保险减少,特别是在脆弱的雇主类型中.
- 虽然福利供应可能会发生变化 (例如,较高的自扣额),但整体不保险没有增加,这表明可能会转向像医疗补助等公共保险.
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