空中猎蝙蝠的隐形回声定位反映了基板采集祖先的表现
Daniel Lewanzik1, John M Ratcliffe2, Erik A Etzler2
1Acoustic and Functional Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Biological Intelligence, Eberhard-Gwinner-Straße, 82319 Seewiesen, Germany; Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Str. 17, 10315 Berlin, Germany.
Current biology : CB
|October 28, 2023
概括
蝙蝠回声定位是从低强度采摘的祖先进化而来的,而不是高强度鱼的祖先. 由于形态限制和猎物可用性,巴巴斯泰尔蝙蝠保持隐蔽,低强度的呼叫,使它们成为不起眼的捕食者.
科学领域:
- 进化生物学 进化生物学
- 生物声学是一种生物声学.
- 动物行为 动物行为
背景情况:
- 捕食者与猎物的关系推动了进化军备竞赛.
- 蝙蝠使用回声定位来捕捉昆虫,而一些昆虫已经进化了对策.
- 巴巴斯泰尔蝙蝠 (Barbastella barbastellus) 发出异常低强度的呼叫,这是逃避听力的策略.
研究的目的:
- 为了调查巴巴斯泰尔蝙蝠隐形回声定位的进化起源.
- 为了确定隐形回声定位是不是从高强度的空中猎祖先或采摘祖先进化而来的.
- 了解巴巴斯泰尔蝙蝠低强度回声定位的限制和优势.
主要方法:
- 进行祖先状态重建以推断进化途径.
- 分析了回声定位呼叫特征,包括强度和光束扩大.
- 在不同的噪音条件下进行了行为观察.
主要成果:
- 祖先状态的重建表明,巴巴斯泰尔血统是从一个采摘的祖先进化而来的,而不是一个高强度的鱼.
- 巴巴斯泰尔蝙蝠保留了从他们的采摘祖先的低强度,鼻腔呼叫的排放,尽管成为有义务的空中贩子.
- 形态约束似乎限制了Barbastelles的呼叫幅度和光束扩展,即使在噪音条件下也是如此.
结论:
- 巴巴斯泰尔蝙蝠独特的隐形回声定位是从采摘祖先保留的特征,而不是高强度鱼的修改.
- 耳式猎物的丰富性和蝙蝠的稀有性可能促进了这种专门的食策略的演变和维护.
- 巴巴斯泰尔蝙蝠在声学上对耳来说是不显眼的,这使得它们独特的狩猎行为持续存在.
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