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相关概念视频

Renal Drug Excretion: Glomerular Filtration01:02

Renal Drug Excretion: Glomerular Filtration

283
The kidney serves as the primary organ responsible for eliminating drugs and their metabolites from the body. This process, known as renal elimination, starts with glomerular filtration and results in urine formation. Each kidney houses millions of functional units called nephrons, where urine production occurs. A nephron has two main components: a renal corpuscle and a renal tubule.
Drugs gain access to the kidney via the renal artery, which progressively branches off into afferent arterioles....
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Renal Clearance01:23

Renal Clearance

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The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is a critical marker of kidney function, reflecting the efficiency of filtration by the glomeruli. Renal clearance of specific substances, such as inulin or creatinine, is commonly used to measure GFR.
Renal clearance refers to the volume of plasma cleared of a specific substance, such as creatinine, per unit of time. To measure clearance, urine samples are collected over a 24-hour period during each bladder voiding, followed by a single blood sample at the...
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Glomerular Filtration Rate and its Regulation01:28

Glomerular Filtration Rate and its Regulation

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The Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) is a measure of kidney function, reflecting the volume of filtrate formed per minute in the kidneys. On average, GFR is approximately 125 mL/min in males and 105 mL/min in females. Maintaining a relatively constant GFR is essential for the kidneys to effectively regulate body fluid homeostasis and maintain extracellular stability.
GFR regulation involves two primary intrinsic controls: the myogenic and tubuloglomerular feedback mechanisms.
The myogenic...
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One-Compartment Open Model: Wagner-Nelson and Loo Riegelman Method for ka Estimation01:24

One-Compartment Open Model: Wagner-Nelson and Loo Riegelman Method for ka Estimation

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This lesson introduces two critical methods in pharmacokinetics, the Wagner-Nelson and Loo-Riegelman methods, used for estimating the absorption rate constant (ka) for drugs administered via non-intravenous routes. The Wagner-Nelson method relates ka to the plasma concentration derived from the slope of a semilog percent unabsorbed time plot. However, it is limited to drugs with one-compartment kinetics and can be impacted by factors like gastrointestinal motility or enzymatic degradation.
On...
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A High-throughput Method for Measurement of Glomerular Filtration Rate in Conscious Mice
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在 rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) 中估计淋巴细胞过率的新方法

Allison M Tomasino1,2, John D Olson1,2, George W Schaaf1,2

  • 1Section on Comparative Medicine, Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.

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概括

施瓦茨公式准确地估计了 rhesus 的膜过率 (GFR),为辐射后评估损伤提供了更简单的方法. 这一发现有助于对这些动物的功能进行临床评估.

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科学领域:

  • 腎臟病學 (nephrology) 是一種醫學.
  • 放射学 放射学是一门学科.
  • 比较医学是一种比较医学.

背景情况:

  • 辐射的晚期影响包括慢性损伤 (CKI),影响发病率和死亡率.
  • 淋巴膜过率 (GFR) 是功能的关键指标,但传统标记器可能无法检测早期损伤.
  • 目前的GFR测量方法复杂且昂贵,需要更简单的替代方法.

研究的目的:

  • 评估施瓦茨公式的适用性,通常用于人类儿科,用于估计 rhesus macaques 的 GFR.
  • 为了确定施瓦茨公式估计的GFR (eGFR) 与被照射和未照射的iohexol测量GFR是否相关.

主要方法:

  • 在12只具有不同血尿素 (BUN) 水平的 rhesus 和4个对照群中测量了iohexol 清除值.
  • 使用注射后通过质谱测量确定的血IOHEXOL度来计算GFR.
  • 施瓦茨公式被用来计算eGFR与iohexol-GFR进行比较.

主要成果:

  • 在iohexol-GFR和Schwartz公式-eGFR之间观察到显著的正相关性.
  • 在接受<6 Gy辐射的中,雄性比雌性呈现出更高的GFR.
  • 与<6 Gy剂量相比,子在脏辐射剂量>6 Gy时显示出较低的GFR.

结论:

  • 施瓦茨公式提供了一个快速的,非侵入性的,且具有成本效益的估计,对 rhesus macaques 的 GFR.
  • 这种方法可以帮助临床评估功能和损伤在辐射.
  • 这项研究验证了在非人类灵长类动物模型中对GFR估计的更简单方法.