关于减值原则的答复给吉勒姆
1Department of Philosophy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK. bblackshaw@gmail.com.
Medicine, health care, and philosophy
|October 30, 2023
概括
反对堕胎的损伤论需要明确定义"更大的损伤". 虽然一个狭窄的定义就足够了,但扩大它可能会削弱论点.
科学领域:
- 生物伦理学生物伦理学
- 伦理哲学道德哲学
- 胎儿权利 胎儿权利
背景情况:
- 损伤论认为堕胎是不道德的,因为与其他不道德行为相比,堕胎对胎儿的伤害更大.
- 这个论点面临着关于"更大的损失"的准确定义的挑战.
研究的目的:
- 在堕胎辩论的背景下,澄清"更大的损害"的定义.
- 评估现有定义的充分性,并为其应用提出框架.
主要方法:
- 对减值论证及其基础原则的哲学分析.
- 批评亚历克斯·吉尔汉姆提出的"更大的损伤"的定义.
- 捍卫一个狭窄的,但足够的,减值论证的定义范围.
主要成果:
- 现有的"较大的损失"定义存在重大困难.
- 对于"较大的减值"的狭定义,对于减值论证的目的来说已经足够了.
- 将范围扩展到更广泛的比较可能会破坏论点的直观基础.
结论:
- 损失论证的有效性取决于对"更大的损失"的集中定义.
- 扩大损失比较的范围可以削弱论证的伦理基础.
- 保持狭窄的范围在生物伦理讨论中保留了损伤原则的直观吸引力.
相关概念视频
Feedback Inhibition
Biochemical reactions are occurring constantly in cells, converting starting substances to different products, usually with the help of enzymes that speed the reactions. Without enzymes, it would take far too long for most reactions to occur to be useful to the cell!
Social Facilitation
Not all intergroup interactions lead to negative outcomes. Sometimes, being in a group situation can improve performance. Social facilitation occurs when an individual performs better when an audience is watching than when the individual performs the behavior alone. This typically occurs when people are performing a task for which they are skilled.
Principle of Equivalence
According to Albert Einstein (1897-1955), free-falling and feeling weightless are intrinsically linked. If a person were in free-fall under gravity, for example, diving towards the Earth from an airplane, they would feel completely weightless. Similarly, a person descending in a lift may feel partially weightless. Broadly speaking, it is assumed that an object in a uniform gravitational field and an object undergoing constant acceleration in the absence of gravity are under the same...
Principle of Impulse and Moment
When one considers a rigid body undergoing a plane motion, which is essentially a blend of translational and rotational movement, the application of Newton's second law gives the formula for the translational movement of such a body. If this equation is multiplied by a time interval, dt, and then integrated over the limits of integration, it results in an equation that embodies the principle of linear impulse.
Gestalt Principles of Perception
Gestalt principles provide a framework for understanding how humans perceive objects as unified wholes within their context. These principles are essential in explaining the cognitive processes that make sense of complex visual stimuli by organizing them into coherent groups. One fundamental principle is proximity, which posits that objects located close to each other are perceived as a collective group. For instance, when dots are positioned near one another, the visual system interprets them...
Intellectual Disability
Intellectual disability (ID) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by deficits in intellectual and adaptive functioning that manifest during the developmental period. This condition encompasses challenges in reasoning, memory, problem-solving, and learning, accompanied by impairments in everyday life skills, such as communication, self-care, and social interactions. Intellectual disability affects approximately 1% of the population in the United States, impacting an estimated 5...


