洪加通加火山爆发对平流层构成的影响
David M Wilmouth1,2, Freja F Østerstrøm1,3, Jessica B Smith1
1Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138.
概括
2022年Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai火山爆发注入了前所未有的平流层水蒸气,改变了大气化学成分. 这项研究分析了它对臭氧和其他气体的影响,揭示了重要的半球和度组成变化.
科学领域:
- 大气科学 大气科学
- 火山学 火山学是一门学科.
- 地质化学 地质化学
背景情况:
- 洪加通加-洪加哈帕伊 (Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai,简称HTHH) 火山在2022年1月15日爆发了爆炸性爆发.
- 这次喷发向平流层注入了创纪录的水蒸气量.
- 之前的火山活动并没有与观察到的平流层水蒸气注入的规模相匹配.
研究的目的:
- 为了检查在HTHH喷发后平流层水蒸气的演变.
- 识别和分析平流层化学成分的扰动.
- 确定影响这些平流层变化的因素 (动态和化学).
主要方法:
- 在喷发后的一年内分析水蒸气分布 (度,高度,时间).
- 利用Aura微波肢体声波器卫星数据进行平流层组成分析.
- 采用了三维化学-气候-气溶模型和观察性标记器相关性.
主要成果:
- 2022年,水蒸气分布为南半球 (SH) 的78%,北半球 (NH) 的22%.
- 观察到平流层组成的显著变化:O3 (-14%) 和HCl (-22%) 在平流层中度下降;ClO (>100%) 和HNO3 (43%) 在热带增加.
- 柱子臭氧异常显示,在南方春季期间,SH中度 (-7%) 普遍减少,热带 (+5%) 增加.
结论:
- HTHH火山爆发显著改变了平流层的水蒸气和化学成分.
- 在臭氧,HCl,ClO和HNO3中观察到的变化证明了喷发对大气的深远影响.
- 动态和化学过程都导致了观察到的平流层组成变化.
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