职业美国足球和长寿之间的关联
John Robert Warren1, Gina Rumore1
1Institute for Social Research and Data Innovation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455.
概括
职业足球运动员可能不会比平均男性活得更长. 职业足球中的线人比同类人早死亡,这挑战了之前关于球员寿命的研究结果.
科学领域:
- 运动医学 运动医学
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 之前的研究表明,职业足球运动员的寿命比一般的美国男性更长.
- 这种长寿归因于身体健康和收入等因素,超过了慢性创伤性脑病 (CTE) 和心血管疾病 (CVD) 等风险.
- 人们对先前研究的研究设计中可能存在的缺陷表示担忧.
研究的目的:
- 重新评估职业美式足球与长寿之间的联系.
- 调查是否足球运动对长寿的感知好处是准确的.
- 检查足球运动员与可比男性人群之间的生存率差异,考虑比赛位置.
主要方法:
- 分析1:将职业足球运动员 (1986,1988-1995) 与来自国家健康访谈调查的美国男性匹配样本进行了比较.
- 分析2:对被选入NFL的男子 (1950s-90s) 的生存数据进行了检查,区分了那些职业球员和那些没有职业球员.
- 两项分析都评估了25年内死亡的风险,并根据比赛位置 (线人与其他人) 探索了差异.
主要成果:
- 与之前的研究相反,这两项分析都表明,线人比同类的非球员更早死亡.
- 与同类男性相比,在职业足球中扮演非线人位置的男性没有经历过早或晚的死亡.
- 这些发现挑战了所有职业足球运动员都提高了寿命的观念.
结论:
- 假设职业足球运动员普遍比其他男性寿命更长,可能是不正确的.
- 在职业足球中担任线人似乎与寿命缩短有关.
- 需要进一步的研究,以了解职业足球中各种职位的具体健康影响和生存差异.
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