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Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer

Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer

Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions.

Ionic Strength: Effects on Chemical Equilibria

Ionic Strength: Effects on Chemical Equilibria

The addition of an inert ionic compound increases the solubility of a sparingly soluble salt. For example, adding potassium nitrate to a saturated solution of calcium sulfate significantly enhances the solubility of calcium sulfate. Le Châtelier's principle cannot predict this shift in the equilibrium. Instead, this could be explained in terms of changes in the effective concentration of the ions in solution in the presence of added inert salt.
In this solution, the primary...

Formation of Complex Ions

Formation of Complex Ions

A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN− or OH−. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination...

Trends in Lattice Energy: Ion Size and Charge

Trends in Lattice Energy: Ion Size and Charge

An ionic compound is stable because of the electrostatic attraction between its positive and negative ions. The lattice energy of a compound is a measure of the strength of this attraction. The lattice energy (ΔHlattice) of an ionic compound is defined as the energy required to separate one mole of the solid into its component gaseous ions. For the ionic solid sodium chloride, the lattice energy is the enthalpy change of the process:

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...

Ion Exchange

Ion Exchange

Ion exchange chromatography separates charged molecules from a solution by reversibly exchanging them with mobile, or 'active', ions associated with the oppositely charged stationary phase. This method can be used to separate ions, soften and deionize water, and purify solutions. The polymers comprising the ion-exchange column are high-molecular-weight and chemically stable polymers, crosslinked to be porous and essentially insoluble. They are also functionalized with either acidic or...

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Updated: Jul 12, 2025

Preparation of Graphene Liquid Cells for the Observation of Lithium-ion Battery Material

Preparation of Graphene Liquid Cells for the Observation of Lithium-ion Battery Material

Published on: February 5, 2019

不同的电解质影响阳离子和阴离子间隔到石墨.

Yaqi He^1,2,3, Cheng Zhen³, Menghao Li³

¹Graphene Composite Research Center, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.

|October 31, 2023

概括

此摘要是机器生成的。

双石墨电池看起来很有前途,但电解质挑战仍然存在. 乙烯碳酸盐 (FEC) 通过形成保护性阳极层并减少溶剂共同插入来提高稳定性,从而提高了两个电池电极的循环寿命.

关键词:

化电磁波是一种冷电磁波.双石墨电池双石墨电池是什么电解质影响的影响.阶段间的阶段间.溶解结构是一个溶解结构.

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Identification and Quantification of Decomposition Mechanisms in Lithium-Ion Batteries; Input to Heat Flow Simulation for Modeling Thermal Runaway

Identification and Quantification of Decomposition Mechanisms in Lithium-Ion Batteries; Input to Heat Flow Simulation for Modeling Thermal Runaway

Published on: March 7, 2022

Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications

Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications

Published on: August 12, 2013

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Last Updated: Jul 12, 2025

Preparation of Graphene Liquid Cells for the Observation of Lithium-ion Battery Material

Preparation of Graphene Liquid Cells for the Observation of Lithium-ion Battery Material

Published on: February 5, 2019

Identification and Quantification of Decomposition Mechanisms in Lithium-Ion Batteries; Input to Heat Flow Simulation for Modeling Thermal Runaway

Identification and Quantification of Decomposition Mechanisms in Lithium-Ion Batteries; Input to Heat Flow Simulation for Modeling Thermal Runaway

Published on: March 7, 2022

Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications

Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications

Published on: August 12, 2013

科学领域:

材料科学材料科学材料科学
电化学电化学电化学
储能储能储能储能储能储能

背景情况:

双石墨电池 (DGB) 提供高电压和成本效益.
石墨阳极和阴极的电解质兼容性是一个重大挑战.
电解质对石墨中离子介质的影响尚未完全理解.

研究的目的:

为了评估基于乙基甲基碳酸盐 (EMC) 的电解质中的石墨阳极和阴极性能.
使用低温传输电子显微镜 (Cryo-TEM) 调查电极-电解质间相.
阐明乙烯碳酸盐 (FEC) 在DGB性能中的作用.

主要方法:

在EMC电解质中对石墨阳极和阴极的性能评估.
低温传导电子显微镜 (Cryo-TEM) 用于相间分析.
电化学测试以评估循环稳定性和库伦比效率.

主要成果:

乙烯碳酸盐 (FEC) 的添加显著提高了石墨阳极和阴极的循环稳定性和库伦比效率.
FEC在阳极上促进了一种薄而均的LiF嵌入的固体电解质相间,减少了脱皮.
石墨阴极显示最小的副产品,层曲和晶格障碍,归因于离子间隔和氧化;缺少CEI层表明自我放电.
FEC通过减弱溶解,减少溶剂协同干扰来提高稳定性,而不是通过改变正极副产品的组成来提高稳定性.

结论:

添加FEC对DGBs有益,改善阳极保护和阴极稳定性.
缺少阴极-电解质相间层 (CEI) 是石墨阴极自放电的一个关键因素.
由于FEC而减弱的溶解是增强循环稳定的主要机制,而不是阴极副产品的变化.