福利改革和幼儿家庭环境的质量
Ariel Kalil1, Hope Corman2,3, Dhaval Dave4,3
1Harris School of Public Policy Studies, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
Demography
|October 31, 2023
概括
福利改革增加了母亲的就业,但减少了对孩子的情感支持. 这种政策转变影响了育儿质量,特别是对于人力资本较低的母亲来说,影响了家庭环境.
科学领域:
- 儿童发展 儿童发展
- 社会学 社会学 社会学
- 公共政策 公共政策
背景情况:
- 美国的福利改革要求增加低收入母亲的就业机会.
- 这一政策转变改变了从现金援助到劳动收入的依赖.
- 对儿童家庭环境和育儿质量的影响需要进行调查.
研究的目的:
- 调查福利改革对学龄前儿童家庭环境质量的因果关系.
- 评估对支持认知和情感发展的母亲行为的影响.
- 检查儿童技能发展物质资源的变化.
主要方法:
- 采用经验方法来建立可信的因果关系.
- 利用经过验证的调查和对育儿的观察措施.
- 分析了对母亲行为和物质供给的影响.
主要成果:
- 福利改革并没有改变用于认知刺激的时间或物质资源.
- 在情感支持提供得分中观察到显著下降 (0.3-0.4 SD).
- 对于拥有较低人力资本的母亲来说,影响更为明显.
结论:
- 福利改革导致育儿质量下降,特别是情感支持.
- 这一政策转变给儿童家庭环境带来了代价.
- 评估母亲工作激励政策需要评估育儿质量,而不仅仅是数量.
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