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相关概念视频

Amplifying Signals via Enzymatic Cascade01:22

Amplifying Signals via Enzymatic Cascade

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When a ligand binds to a cell-surface receptor, the receptor's intracellular domain changes shape, which may either activate its enzyme function or allow its binding to other molecules. The initial signal is amplified by most signal transduction pathways. This means that a single ligand molecule can activate multiple molecules of a downstream target. Proteins that relay a signal are most commonly phosphorylated at one or more sites, activating or inactivating the protein. Kinases catalyze...
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Membrane lipids such as phosphatidylinositol (PI) are precursors for several membrane-bound and soluble second messengers. Specific kinases phosphorylate PI and produce phosphorylated inositol phospholipids. One such inositol phospholipids are the  phosphatidylinositol-4,5 bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2], present in the inner half of the lipid bilayer. Upon ligand binding, GPCR stimulates Gq proteins to turn on phospholipase Cꞵ. Activated phospholipase Cꞵ cleaves PI(4,5)P2 and...
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Activation and Inactivation of G Proteins01:22

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Heterotrimeric G proteins are guanine nucleotide-binding proteins. As the name suggests, heterotrimeric G proteins are composed of three subunits: alpha, beta, and gamma. They remain GDP-bound or GTP-bound inside the cells and switch between inactive/active states. The Gα subunit possesses the nucleotide-binding pocket that binds guanine nucleotides and switches between GDP or GTP-bound states. In contrast, the Gꞵ and Gγ subunits are always bound together with high...
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The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway01:20

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Several cytokine receptors have tightly bound Janus kinase or JAK proteins attached at their cytosolic tail. Small signaling molecules such as cytokines, growth hormones, or prolactins bind to the cytokine receptors and initiate their dimerization. The dimerization brings the cytosolic JAKs together that trans-phosphorylate and activates each other. The activated JAKs now phosphorylate cytosolic tails of the cytokine receptors, which serve as binding sites for adaptor proteins such as  SH2...
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GPCRs Regulate Adenylyl Cylase Activity01:09

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Some GPCRs transmit signals through adenylyl cyclase (AC), a transmembrane enzyme. AC helps synthesize second messenger cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). AC catalyzes cyclization reaction and converts ATP to cAMP by releasing a pyrophosphate. The pyrophosphate is further hydrolyzed to phosphate by the enzyme pyrophosphatase, which drives cAMP synthesis to completion. However, cAMP is rapidly degraded to 5′ AMP by the enzymes phosphodiesterase (PDE), preventing overstimulation of...
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Intracellular Signaling Cascades

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Once a ligand binds to a receptor, the signal is transmitted through the membrane and into the cytoplasm. The continuation of a signal in this manner is called signal transduction. Signal transduction only occurs with cell-surface receptors, which cannot interact with most components of the cell, such as DNA. Only internal receptors can interact directly with DNA in the nucleus to initiate protein synthesis. When a ligand binds to its receptor, conformational changes occur that affect the...
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Updated: Jul 12, 2025

Site Specific Lysine Acetylation of Histones for Nucleosome Reconstitution using Genetic Code Expansion in Escherichia coli
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在cGAS-STING信号中分离相位.

Quanjin Li1,2, Pu Gao3,4

  • 1CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China. liquanjin@ibp.ac.cn.

Frontiers of medicine
|October 31, 2023
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

生物分子相位分离驱动cGAS-STING天生的免疫信号传递. 了解这些凝结物揭示了免疫平衡和疾病治疗的新药标.

关键词:
刺痛是一种刺痛.生物分子凝聚剂是生物分子凝聚剂.cGAMPP 的情况.cGAS 是一个气体.在cGAS-STING路径中.干扰子干扰子干扰子阶段分离的阶段分离.

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科学领域:

  • 细胞生物学 细胞生物学
  • 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
  • 生物化学 生物化学

背景情况:

  • 由相分离形成的生物分子凝聚物在细胞过程中至关重要.
  • 该cGAS-STING途径检测异常DNA,启动对感染和癌症的免疫反应.
  • 调节cGAS-STING信号传递对于维持免疫平衡至关重要.

研究的目的:

  • 总结最近关于cGAS-STING信号传输中的生物分子相分离的发现.
  • 探索相位分离如何影响cGAS-STING通路的激活和调节.
  • 讨论针对这些先天性免疫凝聚物的潜在治疗策略.

主要方法:

  • 对相分离和cGAS-STING信号的最新科学文献的审查.
  • 对研究cGAS,STING和IRF3凝结物的研究分析.
  • 检查调节凝结物形成和功能的因素.

主要成果:

  • 生物分子相位分离与cGAS-STING信号传递的多个阶段有关.
  • 特定的冷凝物 (cGAS,STING,IRF3) 被确定为关键的监管枢纽.
  • 细胞内和细胞外因素调节这些相分离的生物分子凝聚物.
  • 发现了cGAS-STING激活和调节的新机制.

结论:

  • 阶段分离为理解cGAS-STING信号动态提供了一个新的框架.
  • 准这些天生的免疫凝聚物为药物发现提供了有前途的途径.
  • 对凝聚物调节的进一步研究可能会导致新的免疫疗法.