在实验室中创建安慰剂不响应者
Fabrizio Benedetti1, Claudia Arduino2, Aziz Shaibani3
1University of Turin Medical School, Neuroscience Department, Turin, Italy; Innovative Clinical Training, Trials & Healthcare Initiative, Zermatt, Switzerland.
The journal of pain
|October 31, 2023
概括
不匹配的条件化,即经验与期望相矛盾的条件,可以取消安慰剂止痛. 这项研究表明,通过破坏预期,创造安慰剂不响应者是可能的,其影响超出了局部应用地点.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 心理学 心理学 心理学
- 疼痛研究 疼痛研究
背景情况:
- 安慰剂镇痛主要是由条件和期望机制驱动的.
- 这些机制可以相互作用,条件可能会放大预期.
- 研究已经探讨了潜在的安慰剂效应,但对不匹配的条件和期望的研究却不那么多.
研究的目的:
- 调查条件和期望不匹配对安慰剂止痛疗法的影响.
- 为了确定不相称的关联是否可以破坏安慰剂反应.
- 探索不匹配条件效应的概括性.
主要方法:
- 参与者经历了与不一致的关联的调节程序,预期的疼痛缓解与增加的疼痛刺激相矛盾.
- 口头指示表明安慰剂减轻疼痛,但实际经验涉及增加疼痛.
- 两对这些不相称的关联被管理,随后是疼痛值测量.
主要成果:
- 不匹配条件显著破坏了对止痛的预期,并取消了安慰剂效应.
- 在手上局部不匹配条件的影响扩展到对方手臂.
- 不匹配的条件还影响了另一种疼痛类型 (带疼痛),表明系统性影响.
- 期望始终预测了安慰剂止痛效应的程度.
结论:
- 假药不响应者可以通过通过不匹配条件来操纵期望来实验诱导.
- 局部不匹配的条件可能会导致对其他身体部位和疼痛类型的普遍影响.
- 预期对治疗结果起着至关重要的作用,对临床试验设计有重大影响.
相关概念视频
02:07Blind Procedures
10.6K
Ideally, the people who observe and record the children’s behavior are unaware of who was assigned to the experimental or control group, in order to control for experimenter bias. Experimenter bias refers to the possibility that a researcher’s expectations might skew the results of the study. Remember, conducting an experiment requires a lot of planning, and the people involved in the research project have a vested interest in supporting their hypotheses. If the observers knew which...
10.6K
01:54The Placebo Effect
6.2K
The placebo effect occurs when people's expectations or beliefs influence or determine their experience in a given situation. In other words, simply expecting something to happen can actually make it happen.
6.2K
01:11Blinding
2.5K
Blinding is a commonly used method of not telling participants which treatment a subject is receiving. Blinding is a critical part of a randomized control trial or RCT. It reduces the bias that affects the results. In an RCT, blinding is used in the form of a placebo. A placebo effect occurs when untreated subjects falsely believe they have received the treatment and report improved symptoms. A placebo or a dummy treatment is administered to subjects to negate the bias caused by such an effect.
2.5K
01:13Controls in Experiments
7.8K
When conducting an experiment, it is crucial to have control to reduce bias and accurately measure the dependent variables. It also marks the results more reliable. Controls are elements in an experiment that have the same characteristics as the treatment groups but are not affected by the independent variable. By sorting these data into control and experimental conditions, the relationship between the dependent and independent variables can be drawn. A randomized experiment always includes a...
7.8K
01:23Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches
133
Biopharmaceutical studies constitute a vital field aiming to enhance drug delivery methods and refine therapeutic approaches, drawing upon diverse interdisciplinary knowledge. In research methodologies, the choice between controlled and non-controlled studies significantly influences the study's reliability and accuracy.
Non-controlled studies, commonly employed for initial exploration, lack a control group, rendering them susceptible to biases and external influences. In contrast,...
Non-controlled studies, commonly employed for initial exploration, lack a control group, rendering them susceptible to biases and external influences. In contrast,...
133
01:16Crossover Experiments
2.9K
Crossover experiments, also called the repeated-measurements design, is a study design in which all experimental units are exposed to all treatments in different periods. Crossover experiments are generally used in psychology, the pharmaceutical industry, agriculture, and medicine.
Crossover designs are performed even with smaller sample sizes since the samples can act as their controls. These are better than simple randomized trials since patients are exposed to all the treatments.
Crossover designs are performed even with smaller sample sizes since the samples can act as their controls. These are better than simple randomized trials since patients are exposed to all the treatments.
2.9K