莱什曼病诊断的发展:2010年至2022年的专利前景
Daniel Moreira de Avelar1, Camila Chaves Santos2, Alice Fusaro Faioli1,3
1Instituto René Rachou-Fiocruz Minas, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil.
PLOS global public health
|November 1, 2023
概括
利什曼病诊断的专利活动很低,巴西的大部分创新都集中在ELISA测试上. 需要更多的研究来解决疾病控制的关键诊断缺口.
科学领域:
- * 传染病 传染病
- * 知识产权分析
- * * 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- *莱什曼病仍然是一个重大的全球卫生挑战,诊断的局限性阻碍了有效的控制和消除工作.
- *世界卫生组织2021-2030年路线图强调了目前莱什曼病诊断工具的关键差距.
- *了解专利环境对于识别研发趋势和未满足需求至关重要.
研究的目的:
- *从2010年开始,分析利什曼病诊断方法的专利申请.
- * 评估专利诊断技术与科学界和全球卫生组织确定的需求的一致性.
- * 确定研发活动的趋势,地理重点和莱什曼病诊断的技术方法.
主要方法:
- * 对莱什曼病诊断方法进行了全面的专利搜索,实验证据和优先日期从2010年开始.
- *分析重点是专利活动,地理分布,机构参与以及被专利的诊断方法类型.
- * 专利方法与莱什曼病管理中发现的诊断缺口的比较.
主要成果:
- *观察到专利活动总体较低,专利家族范围有限,国际申请不频繁.
- *巴西主导研发和专利保护,主要由学术机构主导,机构间合作最小.
- * 专利的方法主要使用向K39抗原的酶链接免疫吸收试验 (ELISA) 和基于kinetoplast DNA (kDNA) 的分子测试,往往缺乏针对关键诊断差距的强有力的性能数据.
结论:
- *目前的专利格局表明,需要更多地关注解决特定的莱什曼病诊断差距,以刺激创新.
- *加强协作网络,增加私营部门的参与,提高资金是推的公共政策策略.
- *进一步开发和验证诊断工具对于有效控制和潜在消除莱什曼病至关重要.
相关概念视频
01:11Clinical Trials: Overview
Clinical development focuses on how the drug will interact with the human body and encompasses four key phases of clinical trials, each serving a specific purpose in assessing the safety and effectiveness of new drugs. These phases overlap and build upon one another. Phase I involves a small group of healthy volunteers (typically 20-80 individuals) or, in cases where significant toxicity is expected, patients with the targeted disease, such as cancer or AIDS. The volunteers are tested for...
01:30Leishmaniasis
Leishmaniasis is a protozoal disease caused by species of the genus Leishmania and transmitted through the bite of infected female sandflies. The parasite exists in two principal morphological forms during its life cycle. A sandfly acquires intracellular amastigotes from an infected reservoir host, such as a dog. Within the sandfly, these forms differentiate into motile, flagellated promastigotes. During a subsequent blood meal, promastigotes are injected into the human host, where they...
01:21Antiprotozoal Agents
Leishmaniasis is a widespread parasitic disease caused by several Leishmania species. It affects millions of people each year and remains a major public health problem in endemic regions. First-line treatment relies on pentavalent antimonials, including meglumine antimoniate and sodium stibogluconate. Even so, how these drugs work has not been fully clear, especially their interaction with parasite-specific biochemical pathways. One key target is trypanothione reductase (TR), an enzyme that...