衰老对外部诱导和内部驱动的不确定性表示的影响
Laura E Korthauer1, Elena K Festa2, Zachary T Gemelli3
1Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School, Brown University.
Neuropsychology
|November 2, 2023
概括
老年人表现出更大的反应时间减缓与增加的不确定性,特别是当线索是外部. 这表明与年龄相关的处理外部和内部不确定性信号的下降.
科学领域:
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 人类因素 人类因素
背景情况:
- 希克-海曼定律描述了响应时间 (RT) 和信息不确定性之间的线性关系.
- 老龄化对选择RT任务中的处理不确定性的影响尚未完全理解.
- 目前尚不清楚衰老是否会对外部引发的和内部驱动的不确定性过程产生不同的影响.
研究的目的:
- 调查不确定性表示的年龄相关差异.
- 描述老龄化如何影响处理内部驱动和外部驱动的不确定性.
- 使用卡片排序任务来检查这些与年龄有关的影响.
主要方法:
- 为了操纵不确定性,使用了分类卡的任务.
- 内部驱动的不确定性因刺激概率的变化而变化.
- 通过改变响应选项的数量来操纵外部引发的不确定性.
主要成果:
- 老年人 (OA) 在日益增长的不确定性下表现出比年轻人更显著的RT减速.
- 这种与年龄相关的减速在外部驱动的条件中比内部驱动的条件更明显.
- 在内部驱动条件的高不确定性水平下,OA很难区分预期的和意想不到的刺激,与年轻成年人不同.
结论:
- 调查结果表明,与年龄相关的不确定性处理过程中,无论是自下而上 (外部引发) 还是自上而下 (内部驱动) 都存在与年龄相关的障碍.
- 这些干扰影响了老年人协调任务相关行动的能力.
- 老年人的认知表现与内部驱动的不确定性处理相关,但与外部驱动的不确定性处理无关.
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