在乌干达的不同生产系统中,小反动物瘟疫的血清流行率和风险因素
Joseph Nkamwesiga1, Paul Lumu2, David Paul Nalumenya3
1Dahlem Research School of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany; International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya.
Preventive veterinary medicine
|November 2, 2023
概括
乌干达的小反动物瘟疫病毒 (PPRV) 血清流行率为27.3%,牧牧和农牧系统的发病率更高. 雌性,老年动物和那些每天与群体互动的动物有更高的风险,需要有针对性的控制干预措施.
科学领域:
- 兽医流行病学 兽医流行病学
- 传染病生态学传染病生态学
- 动物健康监督 动物健康监督
背景情况:
- 小反动物瘟疫 (Peste des petits ruminants,PPR) 是一种破坏性疾病,在全球范围内影响小反动物.
- 2007年,PPRV首次在乌干达被发现,但它的流行病学模式仍然不太清楚.
- 了解PPRV传播动态对于有效控制乌干达畜牧业的疾病至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 确定乌干达山羊和绵羊中小反动物瘟疫病毒 (PPRV) 的血清流行率.
- 确定与PPRV传播相关的地理分布和风险因素.
- 在不同生产系统中为PPR控制提供有针对性的干预信息.
主要方法:
- 集群随机采样2520只山羊和绵羊血清样本,来自三个地区的252个家庭.
- 通过采访家庭主管,使用结构化问卷收集有关潜在风险因素的数据.
- 使用商业竞争性酶链免疫吸收试验 (cELISA) 对PPRV抗体的血清样本的查.
主要成果:
- 总体而言,PPRV的真实血清流行率为27.3%,在牧场 (44.1%) 和农牧场 (31.7%) 的系统中,相比于混合作物和牲畜 (6.1%) 的系统,其率明显更高.
- 雌性动物 (OR=2.45) 和较老的动物 (超过3岁,OR=3.41) 呈现出PPRV血清阳性的可能性增加.
- 在沼泽地放牧和灌期间的每日群体相互作用与增加的PPRV血清阳性有关.
结论:
- 在乌干达,PPRV构成重大威胁,特别是在牧场和农牧场生产系统中.
- 动物的年龄和性别,以及群体管理实践,如日常互动和共享饮水点,是PPRV传播的关键风险因素.
- 针对性PPR控制策略,包括疫苗接种和移动限制,应优先考虑高风险的生产系统,以防止疾病传播.
相关概念视频
Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection
The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin create...
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin create...
Prevalence and Incidence
In statistical epidemiology and health sciences, two essential metrics—prevalence and incidence—are fundamental for understanding disease dynamics within a population. These measures enable public health officials, epidemiologists, and researchers to assess the burden of diseases, allocate resources effectively, and design impactful public health policies and interventions.
Prevalence indicates the proportion of individuals in a population who have a specific disease or health condition at a...
Prevalence indicates the proportion of individuals in a population who have a specific disease or health condition at a...
Infectious Diseases and Their Occurrence
Infectious diseases appear in populations through various transmission patterns, influenced by pathogen characteristics, population immunity, environmental conditions, and social behavior. Understanding these patterns is essential for effective public health surveillance and intervention. These categories—sporadic, outbreak, epidemic, pandemic, and endemic—help frame the nature and scope of disease events.Sporadic diseases occur irregularly and infrequently, without a predictable temporal or...
Investigation of Disease Outbreaks
Multistate foodborne outbreaks pose significant public health risks and require meticulous investigation to identify sources and implement control measures. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) utilizes a dynamic seven-step process for these investigations, integrating data from laboratories, interviews, and environmental assessments to protect public health.Outbreak Detection: The detection of multistate outbreaks typically begins with PulseNet, the CDC's national laboratory...
Smallpox
Smallpox is a severe contagious disease caused by the Variola major virus, a double-stranded DNA member of the Poxviridae family.Variola major transmission occurs primarily via inhalation of virus-laden droplets or direct contact with infectious scabs. The incubation period averages approximately seven days, although it may range from 7 to 17 days depending on the inoculum and host factors.Clinically, the prodromal phase is marked by an abrupt onset of high fever, malaise, headache, and myalgia.
Toxoplasmosis
Toxoplasmosis, a zoonotic disease caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii, poses significant public health challenges globally due to its high seroprevalence and varied clinical manifestations. As an obligate intracellular parasite, T. gondii can infect all warm-blooded vertebrates, but felids are its only definitive hosts, shedding unsporulated oocysts into the environment. Humans typically acquire the infection through ingestion of tissue cysts in undercooked meat or oocysts from...


