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Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

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Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
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For transition metal complexes, the coordination number determines the geometry around the central metal ion. Table 1 compares coordination numbers to molecular geometry. The most common structures of the complexes in coordination compounds are octahedral, tetrahedral, and square planar.
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Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
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The alkali metal sodium (atomic number 11) has one more electron than the neon atom. This electron must go into the lowest-energy subshell available, the 3s orbital, giving a 1s22s22p63s1 configuration. The electrons occupying the outermost shell orbital(s) (highest value of n) are called valence electrons, and those occupying the inner shell orbitals are called core electrons. Since the core electron shells correspond to noble gas electron configurations, we can abbreviate electron...
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The mathematical expression known as the wave function, ψ, contains information about each orbital and the wavelike properties of electrons in an isolated atom. When atoms are bound together in a molecule, the wave functions combine to produce new mathematical descriptions that have different shapes. This process of combining the wave functions for atomic orbitals is called hybridization and is mathematically accomplished by the linear combination of atomic orbitals. The new orbitals that...
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Updated: Jul 11, 2025

Synthesis of Nine-atom Deltahedral Zintl Ions of Germanium and their Functionalization with Organic Groups
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在GeO2融化中的三倍协调.

Songming Wan1,2,3, Shujie Zhang4, Bin Li4

  • 1Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China. smwan@aiofm.ac.cn.

Nature communications
|November 3, 2023
PubMed
概括

研究人员在二氧化 (GeO2) 融中发现了一种新的链结构,挑战了长期以来关于协调的观点. 这一发现澄清了质化学,并解决了材料科学中长达数十年的争论.

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科学领域:

  • 材料科学 是一种材料科学.
  • 地质化学 地质化学
  • 固态化学 固态化学

背景情况:

  • 在GeO2融化中的局部结构是一个基本的,争论的话题.
  • 主流观点认为,是由至少四个氧原子协调的.
  • 拉曼光谱中的不明原因波段挑战了GeO2融化结构的现有模型.

研究的目的:

  • 为了研究GeO2融中的的局部结构.
  • 解决关于GeO2.2中协调的长期争论.
  • 为德国化工提供一个新的视角.

主要方法:

  • 在现场使用拉曼光谱分析GeO2融化.
  • 密度函数理论 (DFT) 的计算被用于结构分析.
  • 计算电子结构分析阐明了粘合特性.

主要成果:

  • 在GeO2融化中发现了一种新的[GeOØ2]n链结构,其中Ø代表桥梁氧.
  • 在这种结构中,主要由三个氧原子协调.
  • 在和邻近的非桥梁氧原子之间观察到微弱的相互作用.

结论:

  • 已识别的链结构为正在进行的关于GeO2融化结构的辩论提供了解决方案.
  • 这些发现需要对对协调的普遍观点进行修订.
  • 这项研究为基质化学的基本方面提供了新的见解.