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在Urochloa humidicola的基因组表征的进步:探索多倍体遗传和apomixis

Aline da Costa Lima Moraes¹, Marcelo Mollinari², Rebecca Caroline Ulbricht Ferreira³

¹Department of Plant Biology, Biology Institute, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.

TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik

|November 3, 2023

概括

我们创建了Urochloa humidicola最详细的遗传地图,这是一个重要的热带料草. 这张地图揭示了其遗传结构,繁殖和起源的洞察力,有利于多体和热带草研究.

科学领域:

遗传学遗传学是一个
植物育种植物育种
基因组学就是基因组学.

背景情况:

热带料草,如Urochloa humidicola (Koronivia草) 对于畜牧业至关重要,特别是在排水不良的土壤上.
对于U. humidicola的遗传和基因组资源是稀缺的,因为其复杂的六倍体基因组,高异构性,细分性全倍体和阿波米克特繁殖.
这些遗传复杂性阻碍了育种计划中的标记辅助选择 (MAS).

研究的目的:

为六倍体Urochloa humidicola开发最高密度的遗传链接地图.
研究U. humidicola的遗传组织,繁殖方式和起源.
为了识别潜在的单核酸多态化 (SNP) 标记器与apomixis相关,用于标记器辅助选择.

主要方法:

使用双亲F1种群的基因图的构建,该基因图是由罕见的性基因型 (H031) 和无亲基因型 (H016) 的交叉生成的.
包括4873个单核酸多态性 (SNP) 标记物,并提供基剂量信息用于链接分析.
评估介质的配置和偏好的配对,以推断父母的起源和平的行为.

主要成果:

成功构建了U. humidicola的最高密度遗传地图.
将ASGR位点和apomixis表型映射到链接组3,显示与其他草种的合成.
分析显示,性父 (H031) 的起源是自多多多的,而性父 (H016) 的行为则是全多多多的.

结论:

这项研究为U. humidicola.的遗传结构,生殖生物学和进化历史提供了重要的见解.
开发的地图和识别的SNP标记器为多倍体研究提供了宝贵的资源,并通过标记器辅助选择加速育种计划.
这些发现有助于更好地了解热带料草的遗传学和基因组学.

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Hybrid Zones

Hybrid Zones

Hybrid zones are narrow regions where two closely related species interact, mate, and produce hybrids. Relative to either parent species, hybrids may possess distinct phenotypic or genetic differences that impact their survival and reproductive success. The genetic variances introduced by hybridization influence species diversity and speciation processes within the hybrid zone.

Dihybrid Crosses

Dihybrid Crosses

Trihybrid Crosses

Trihybrid Crosses

Trihybrid Crosses
Some of Mendel’s crosses examined three pairs of contrasting characteristics. Such a cross is called a trihybrid cross. A trihybrid cross is a combination of three individual monohybrid crosses. For example, plant height (tall vs. short), seed shape (round vs. wrinkled), and seed color (yellow vs. green).
The F1 generation plants of a trihybrid cross are heterozygous for all three traits and produce eight gametes. Upon self-fertilization, these gametes have an equal...

Monohybrid Crosses

Monohybrid Crosses

Asexual Reproduction

Asexual Reproduction

Asexual reproduction allows plants to reproduce without growing flowers, attracting pollinators, or dispersing seeds. Offspring are genetically identical to the parent and produced without the fusion of male and female gametes.

Incomplete Dominance

Incomplete Dominance

Gregor Mendel's work (1822 - 1884) was primarily focused on pea plants. Through his initial experiments, he determined that every gene in a diploid cell has two variants called alleles inherited from each parent. He suggested that amongst these two alleles, one allele is dominant in character and the other recessive. The combination of alleles determines the phenotype of a gene in an organism.