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自闭症到中年:症状轨迹,行为功能和健康状况
Jinkuk Hong1, Leann Smith DaWalt2, Julie Lounds Taylor3
1Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1500 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53705, USA. jhong4@wisc.edu.
Journal of neurodevelopmental disorders
|November 3, 2023
概括
自闭症症状通常在成年后得到改善,但健康状况下降. 功能变化遵循一个反转的U形,在中年达到顶峰,然后在自闭症成年人中衰退到老年.
科学领域:
- 神经发育障碍 神经发育障碍
- 老年学是一门学科.
- 纵向研究是指长度研究.
背景情况:
- 成年期的自闭症症状轨迹尚未得到充分研究,尽管成年期是生命中最长的阶段.
- 了解自闭症成年人的长期变化对于满足他们不断变化的需求至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 为了检查自闭症症状,功能和健康的发展轨迹在自闭症成年人超过22年.
- 为了确定与年龄相关的变化 (线性/曲线性) 和基于智力功能和潜在队列效应的差异.
主要方法:
- 一个加速的纵向设计,包含406名自闭症成年人 (从青春期到早期老年) 的9个数据波.
- 对自闭症症状,行为功能和健康的年龄相关变化的分析.
- 具有和没有智力障碍 (ID) 的自闭症个体之间的轨迹的比较.
主要成果:
- 大多数自闭症症状得到改善,而随着时间的推移,健康状况恶化.
- 重复性行为,日常生活活动,不适应性行为和社交互动显示出反转的U形轨迹,改善到中年,然后下降.
- 患有ID的自闭症个体的功能较差,但没有ID的个体表现出加快衰老的挑战,包括增加身体健康的药物治疗和恶化的重复行为.
结论:
- 支持自闭症成年人需要了解不同的生命过程轨迹,特别是在中年和老年.
- 认识到自闭症患者群体中的异质性,包括不同智力功能,对于个性化护理至关重要.
- 未来的干预措施必须解决与年龄相关的健康衰退以及不同小组自闭症成年人面临的具体挑战.
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