在儿童,青少年和成年人中理解和处理通用定量器
Utako Minai1, Kiwako Ito2, Adam Royer3
1University of Kansas, USA.
Journal of child language
|November 3, 2023
概括
量化器扩散 (Q-扩散),一种理解错误,可以持续到成年. 抑制对不相关对象的注意力是克服这种语言处理挑战的关键.
科学领域:
- 认知科学 认知科学
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 语言学的语言学.
背景情况:
- 定量符扩散 (Q-spreading) 是儿童常见的理解错误,因为他们错误地伪造了一个普遍定量化的句子,因为图片中的"额外对象".
- 这种错误模式可能会持续到童年之后,儿童在整个测试过程中经常保持一致的Q传播反应.
研究的目的:
- 调查Q-扩散在广泛的年龄范围 (4-79岁) 的持久性和发育轨迹.
- 检查prosodic强调对普遍量化句子的理解和处理的影响.
- 探索视觉注意力对外在物体在Q扩散及其分辨率中的作用.
主要方法:
- 在4至79岁的参与者身上,采用了图片句子验证眼球追踪任务.
- 分析了参与者的理解模式和眼睛的运动,以回应普遍量化句子呈现与或没有prosodic强调.
- 错误模式被分为"像成年人一样的响应者"",Q扩散者"和"交换者".
主要成果:
- 成年人的理解几乎是完美的,而儿童和青少年 (4-17岁) 则表现出不同的模式:持续成年化,持续Q扩散,或从Q扩散转向成年化.
- "Q扩散者"经常专注于"额外对象",而"像成年人一样的响应者"和"交换者"对其注意力较低,这表明注意力抑制至关重要.
- 与成年人相比,在儿童/青少年的发育过程中,对眼睛运动进行形强调的影响出现的时间较晚.
结论:
- Q传播可以持续到成年期,但发育轨迹各不相同,有些人会成为"像成年人一样的响应者"或"交换者".
- 成功解决Q扩散需要抑制对无关刺激 ("额外对象") 的视觉注意力.
- 益生菌线索有助于语言理解,它们的处理随着时间的推移而发展,并在各个年龄段对眼睛运动模式产生不同的影响.
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