早期人才提升对初级和高级表现的影响:系统性审查和元分析
1Department of Sports Science, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße 57, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany. guellich@sowi.uni-kl.de.
Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)
|November 3, 2023
概括
早期参与人才促进计划 (TPPs) 提高了年轻人的表现,但阻碍了高级人的成功. 这一元分析揭示了短期与长期运动发展的相反影响,影响了职业发展轨迹.
科学领域:
- 运动科学 运动科学 运动科学
- 人才发展 人才发展.
- 绩效分析 绩效分析
背景情况:
- 人才促进计划 (TPP) 旨在加速精英青年运动员的发展.
- 在TPP中运动员的高周转率引发了关于长期有效性的问题.
- 早期成熟,相对年龄和密集训练可能会影响初级成绩,但不一定会影响高级成绩.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查和元分析早期人才提升对初级和高级运动员表现的影响.
- 为TPPs的长期影响提供强有力的证据.
主要方法:
- 在多个数据库 (SPORTDiscus,PubMed,Scopus等) 中进行系统的文献搜索. ) 的情况.
- 包括的研究将运动员根据TPP入境时的年龄根据绩效水平进行了比较.
- 计算了初级和高级运动员的元分析科恩d;评估了证据质量.
主要成果:
- 分析了来自各种体育和国家的6233名运动员的51个效果大小.
- 早期的TPP参与与较高的初级成绩相关 (d = -0.53).
- 后来的TPP参与与更高的高级绩效相关 (d = 0.56),表明相反的效果.
结论:
- 调查结果与证据一致,表明初级与高级成功的参与模式相反.
- 提前加入TPP有利于短期的初级成绩,但可能会对长期的高级成绩产生负面影响.
- 讨论TPP中选择和治疗效应对运动员发展的影响.
更多相关视频
06:04Systematic Hearing Performance Evaluation Process for Adolescents with Cochlear Implantation at Early Ages
Published on: March 24, 2023
410
08:24The Joint Effect of Social Comparison and Social Distance on Evaluation of Intertemporal Choice Outcomes in Event-related Potential Studies
Published on: August 25, 2023
740
相关概念视频
01:04Social Facilitation
32.0K
Not all intergroup interactions lead to negative outcomes. Sometimes, being in a group situation can improve performance. Social facilitation occurs when an individual performs better when an audience is watching than when the individual performs the behavior alone. This typically occurs when people are performing a task for which they are skilled.
32.0K
01:20Gene-Environment Interactions
331
Gene expression is a dynamic process that is significantly influenced by environmental factors. This interaction underlies the complex nature of biological development and the phenotypic differences observed among individuals, even among those with identical genetic makeups. Factors such as radiation, temperature, behavior, nutrition, and stress play pivotal roles in determining how genes are expressed. The concept of the reaction range is central to understanding this interaction. It posits...
331
01:29Environmental Influences on Intelligence
308
Despite the strong genetic influence on traits like intelligence, environmental factors significantly shape outcomes. For example, while over 90% of height variation is due to genetic differences, environmental factors such as nutrition also have a notable impact. Similarly, for intelligence, changes in a child's surroundings can significantly alter their IQ. Research shows that enriched environments boost children's academic success and help them develop key cognitive skills. Children...
308
01:28Adler's Individual Psychology
759
Alfred Adler, a prominent figure in psychology, founded the school of individual psychology. In contrast to Freud's emphasis on sexual or aggressive motives, Adler suggested that individuals are primarily motivated by their purposes and goals. He believed that people strive for perfection rather than pleasure. Adler argued that individuals could creatively act upon their genetic inheritance and environmental experiences to shape their own lives, emphasizing conscious motivation over...
759
03:00Self-Evaluation: Self-Enhancement and Self-Verification
5.2K
Social psychologists have documented that feeling good about ourselves and maintaining positive self-esteem is a powerful motivator of human behavior (Tavris & Aronson, 2008). In the United States, members of the predominant culture typically think very highly of themselves and view themselves as good people who are above average on many desirable traits (Ehrlinger, Gilovich, & Ross, 2005). Often, our behavior, attitudes, and beliefs are affected when we experience a threat to our...
5.2K
02:09Stereotype Threat and Self-fulfilling Prophecies
37.6K
When we hold a stereotype about a person, we have expectations that he or she will fulfill that stereotype. A self-fulfilling prophecy is an expectation held by a person that alters his or her behavior in a way that tends to make it true. When we hold stereotypes about a person, we tend to treat the person according to our expectations. This treatment can influence the person to act according to our stereotypic expectations, thus confirming our stereotypic beliefs. Research by Rosenthal and...
37.6K