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在加纳的惩戒设施内,乙型肝炎和人类免疫缺陷病毒感染

Kwamena W C Sagoe¹, Kyeremeh Atuahene², Angela N A Ayiku¹

¹Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Ghana Medical School, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana.

|November 3, 2023

概括

在加纳,一项研究发现,在监狱囚犯中,人类免疫缺陷病毒 (HIV) 患病率为2.34%,乙型肝炎病毒 (HBV) 患病率为12.38%. 性,年龄和教育等因素影响了感染风险,凸显了对综合监狱卫生服务的需求.

科学领域:

公共卫生公共卫生
传染性疾病传染性疾病
流行病学流行病学

背景情况:

之前的研究表明,在加纳监狱中,人类免疫缺陷病毒 (HIV) 和乙型肝炎病毒 (HBV) 的流行率很高.
进行了一项全国代表性的生物行为调查,以评估监狱人口中的这些感染.

研究的目的:

确定加纳监狱囚犯中艾滋病毒和HBV感染的流行情况.
确定与该人口中艾滋病毒和HBV感染相关的人口和行为因素.

主要方法:

2013年,从加纳19个监狱的2,443名囚犯收集了生物医学和行为数据.
艾滋病毒检测采用了国家查算法;HBV感染通过两种快速检测测试得到证实.
使用二进制逻辑回归分析来识别相关因素.

主要成果:

艾滋病毒的患病率为2.34%,HBV的患病率为12.38%;同时感染率很低 (5名囚犯).
与男性 (1.5%) 相比,女性囚犯 (11.8%) 的艾滋病毒患病率更高.
在感染和年龄,性别,婚姻状况,教育,BMI,IDU和监狱时间之间发现了显著的关联.

结论:

虽然加纳的监狱对一般人口可能不构成特别高的风险,但综合查,治疗和疫苗接种至关重要.
特定因素,如女性或长期逗留增加了艾滋病毒风险,而没有正规教育和体重不足增加了HBV风险.
该研究表明,监狱内的强迫性侵性行为可能存在问题,需要进一步调查和干预.

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