寄生虫海洋藻类的多个并行起源
Corey C Holt1,2, Elisabeth Hehenberger3,4, Denis V Tikhonenkov5,6
1Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. corey.holt@ubc.ca.
Nature communications
|November 4, 2023
概括
海洋状体 (MALVs),丰富的海洋恐龙鞭状体,从自由生活的祖先中独立进化了两次寄生虫. 它们的进化反映了猿类复合体的进化,光合作用和塑体的反复增加和减少.
科学领域:
- 海洋微生物学 海洋微生物学
- 亲生组织学 亲生组织学 Protistology
- 进化生物学是进化的生物学.
背景情况:
- 海洋膜体 (MALVs) 是海洋生态系统中丰富多样的微生物真核生物.
- MALVs是疑似寄生虫的恐龙鞭状动物,但由于有限的基因组数据,它们的生物学和进化不太清楚.
- 现有的数据主要由核糖体RNA基因序列组成,阻碍了更深入的进化见解.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究海洋膜体 (MALVs) 的进化起源和多样化.
- 了解MALV中的寄生虫的独立进化及其与自由生活的亲属的关系.
- 为了重建光合作用,塑体和寄生虫生活方式在早期分离的恐龙鞭毛动物的演化.
主要方法:
- MALV及其自由生活的亲属的单细胞转录组学.
- 遗传学分析以推断进化关系.
- 对基因含量和蛋白质向的比较分析,包括与塑相关的蛋白质.
主要成果:
- 马尔维从两个不同的自由生活祖先中独立进化,寄生虫在这些血统中并行出现.
- 一个MALV亚群 (Syndiniales) 与新的自由生活的掠食者 (大象类) 有关.
- 另一个MALV亚群 (Ichthyodinida) 与Oxyrrhis相关,并保留非光合作用塑性体的蛋白质.
- 在MALVs中寄生和光合作用损失的进化模式与在apicomplexans中观察到的类似.
- 完全失去塑性器官很少发生,并且不会留下残留的基因.
结论:
- 这项研究揭示了寄生虫的并行进化和MALVs来自不同的自由生活祖先的独立起源.
- 恐龙和复合体进化在寄生虫的重复进化和光合作用损失中显示出惊人的相似之处.
- 完全的塑损失是这种血统中罕见的事件,在基因组中没有留下任何痕迹.
更多相关视频
相关概念视频
01:27Diversity of Protists II
22
Alveolates are a group of organisms recognized by the presence of alveoli, which are cytoplasmic sacs located beneath the cell membrane. While their function remains uncertain, alveoli may help regulate water balance by controlling how much water enters and leaves the cell. In dinoflagellates, these structures may serve as armor plates. There are three major types of alveolates: ciliates, which move using cilia; dinoflagellates, which use flagella for movement; and apicomplexans, which are...
22
01:15Diversity of Protists I
21
Excavata is a diverse group of protists that includes both chemoorganotrophic and phototrophic species, with some thriving in anaerobic environments. Among the key groups within Excavata are diplomonads and parabasalids, which are flagellated protists that lack mitochondria and chloroplasts. These microorganisms typically inhabit anoxic environments, such as the intestines of animals, where they exist either symbiotically or as parasites, relying on fermentation for energy production. Some...
21
01:27Diversity of Protists III
29
Rhizaria are a diverse group of unicellular protists characterized by their threadlike cytoplasmic extensions known as pseudopodia. These structures aid in both locomotion and feeding, giving Rhizaria an amoeboid appearance. Their amoeboid morphology once led to taxonomic confusion, but molecular phylogenetics has clarified their evolutionary placement and emphasized their shared use of pseudopodia despite divergent lineages.This clade comprises diverse lineages such as Chlorarachniophyta,...
29
01:28Overview of Algae
25
The kingdom Archaeplastida encompasses red and green algae, along with land plants. Unlike other protists with chloroplasts that arose through secondary endosymbiosis, only red and green algae originated from primary endosymbiotic events. This diverse group of eukaryotic organisms contains chlorophyll and performs oxygenic photosynthesis.Algae exist in various forms, from large brown kelp in coastal waters to green scum in puddles and stains on rocks or soil. Some species are responsible for...
25
01:27Diversity of Protists IV
21
Amoebozoa represent a diverse group of terrestrial and aquatic protists that utilize lobe-shaped pseudopodia for locomotion and feeding. This characteristic differentiates them from the Rhizaria, which possess threadlike pseudopodia. The primary classifications within Amoebozoa include gymnamoebas, entamoebas, and the plasmodial and cellular slime molds. Phylogenetic evidence indicates that Amoebozoa diverged from a lineage that ultimately gave rise to fungi and animals.Gymnamoebas and...
21
01:27Overview of Protists
31
Protists are diverse eukaryotic microorganisms that lack the specialized tissues of plants and animals and the chitinous cell walls of fungi. Their early divergence within Eukarya resulted in structural, functional, and ecological diversity. They are classified into supergroups such as Archaeplastida, Excavata, Amoebozoa, Rhizaria, Alveolata, and Stramenopiles, determined through genetic analysis and structural similarities.Structural and Functional AdaptationsProtists have various adaptations...
31