甲状腺老化:对长寿和患者护理的影响
1Department of Internal Medicine, Section Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands. d.van_heemst@lumc.nl.
Nature reviews. Endocrinology
|November 4, 2023
概括
甲状腺激素的作用对组织修复和平衡至关重要,与年龄相关的变化可能会影响健康. 本综述探讨了老化中的甲状腺状况变化及其与长寿和疾病的联系.
科学领域:
- 内分泌学和老年学.
- 分子生物学与衰老的研究
背景情况:
- 甲状腺激素调节关键的生理过程,包括新陈代谢,生长和发育.
- 甲状腺激素作用的与年龄相关的失调越来越多地与组织平衡的破坏和与年龄相关的疾病有关.
- 循环的甲状腺刺激激素水平倾向于随着年龄的增长而上升,特别是在80岁以上的个体中.
研究的目的:
- 审查关于甲状腺激素精确作用在组织维护和修复中的作用的生物医学发现.
- 讨论老化时甲状腺状况变化的原因和后果及其与寿命的关联.
- 评估甲状腺激素替代疗法的临床试验结果,用于患有亚临床甲状腺功能低下症的老年人.
主要方法:
- 对生物医学文献的审查,重点关注甲状腺激素的作用和衰老.
- 分析甲状腺刺激激素度与年龄相关的趋势.
- 对老年人群中甲状腺激素替代疗法的随机临床试验的检查.
主要成果:
- 在健康的老年人中观察到与年龄相关的甲状腺刺激激素增加.
- 亚临床甲状腺功能低下症 (TSH升高,甲状腺激素水平正常) 影响65岁以上5-20%的成年人.
- 目前正在审查临床试验的甲状腺激素替代疗法对有轻度亚临床甲状腺功能低下症的老年患者的数据.
结论:
- 精确的甲状腺激素调节对于局部组织维护和修复至关重要,与年龄相关的变化会影响平衡.
- 改变甲状腺老化状态,包括亚临床甲状腺功能低下症,需要进一步调查其对健康和寿命的影响.
- 临床试验的结果将为老年人临床下甲状腺症的查和治疗策略提供信息.
相关概念视频
01:18Functions of Thyroid Hormones
2.8K
The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
2.8K
01:20Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones
4.7K
Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
4.7K
01:23The Thyroid Gland
3.9K
The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
3.9K
01:26Aging
59
Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
Cellular Clock Theory
The cellular clock theory posits that the human lifespan is closely tied to the finite capacity of cells to divide, a phenomenon governed by telomeres, which are protective caps at the ends of...
Cellular Clock Theory
The cellular clock theory posits that the human lifespan is closely tied to the finite capacity of cells to divide, a phenomenon governed by telomeres, which are protective caps at the ends of...
59
01:19The Effect of Aging on Tissues
2.1K
Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
2.1K
01:29Bone Disorders
3.6K
Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
3.6K