能量代谢中的性别差异:自然选择,机制和后果
1Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, John W. Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine and Tulane Center of Excellence in Sex-Based Biology & Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA. fmauvais@tulane.edu.
Nature reviews. Nephrology
|November 4, 2023
概括
代谢平衡因进化适应而在两性之间存在差异. 女性优先考虑脂质氧化以节省能量,而男性可能会利用碳水化合物进行高功耗活动.
科学领域:
- 内分泌学 在内分泌学.
- 代谢生理学 代谢生理学
- 进化生物学 进化生物学
背景情况:
- 代谢平衡表现出显著的基于性别的差异,由进化压力塑造.
- 妇女进化了适应性,以节约能量储存和蛋白质质量,这对于能量赤字期间的生育至关重要.
- 这些适应包括提高脂质氧化和女性更大的脂肪组织储存.
研究的目的:
- 阐明代谢平衡中性别差异的进化和生物基础.
- 了解这些差异如何影响能量代谢,基质利用和对代谢疾病的易感性.
- 探索线粒体和激素因素在性别特定代谢调节中的作用.
主要方法:
- 在能量赤字期间,对男性和女性代谢策略的比较分析.
- 检查基质利用 (脂质与碳水化合物) 作为对饥饿和运动的反应.
- 对脂肪组织分布和线粒体功能的解剖学差异的审查.
- 考虑荷尔蒙影响 (,青春期荷尔蒙) 和遗传性.
主要成果:
- 女性优先氧化脂质,保留葡萄糖用于重要功能,节省蛋白质.
- 男人对碳水化合物的依赖可能支持高精力活动,与进化角色有关.
- 女性拥有更大的皮下脂肪储存和线粒体,具有更高的功能能力和抗氧化应激能力.
- 尽管抵抗饥饿,但女性对肥胖的倾向更高,进化性权衡.
结论:
- 性别特定的生物系统,受遗传性和荷尔蒙的影响,决定了能量恒温的表型差异.
- 进化适应导致了男性和女性不同的代谢策略.
- 了解这些性别差异对于解决代谢性疾病和优化不同人群中药物反应至关重要.
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