成年人通过公开和隐蔽的阅读学习正写法
Anna Chrabaszcz1, Nadait I Gebremedhen1, Travis A Alvarez2
1Learning Research and Development Center, University of Pittsburgh, United States of America.
Acta psychologica
|November 4, 2023
概括
成年人更好地学习拼写表示,当大声阅读,使用语音解码. 沉默阅读和并发发音并没有阻碍成年人的正写学习,这表明了灵活的阅读策略.
科学领域:
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 教育心理学教育心理学
- 阅读的神经科学 阅读的神经科学
背景情况:
- 流利的阅读和写作取决于记忆中的强大的正写表示.
- 自学假设认为,儿童通过语音解码来开发正写表示.
- 语音解码在成人正写学习中的作用仍然不太清楚.
研究的目的:
- 调查语音解码在多大程度上有助于成年阅读者的正写学习.
- 为了比较在公开 (大声) 和隐蔽 (沉默) 阅读期间的拼写学习.
- 检查并发发音对隐藏阅读和成人后续学习的影响.
主要方法:
- 两项实验涉及英语系本科生阅读单音节和多音节伪词.
- 阅读条件包括公开 (大声) 和隐蔽 (沉默) 的阅读,同时在实验2中操纵了口音.
- 一周后,通过识别,拼写和命名任务评估了正写学习.
主要成果:
- 开放式阅读,利用语音解码,导致比静音阅读更好的伪词识别和回忆.
- 在秘密阅读期间同时发音并没有影响成年参与者的学习成果.
- 研究结果表明,成年人可能会在秘密阅读时采用替代策略,例如直接拼写处理或词汇化语音解码.
结论:
- 在公开阅读期间的语音解码可以增强成年人的正写学习.
- 成年读者在隐蔽阅读方面表现出灵活性,可能更多地依赖视觉或直接的词汇路线.
- 随着正写知识的增加,阅读机制似乎从基于声学的转变为基于视觉的.
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