寻找一个最佳的方法,以计算机辅助的肺栓塞诊断
Nahid Ul Islam1, Zongwei Zhou2, Shiv Gehlot3
1School of Computing and Augmented Intelligence, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA.
Medical image analysis
|November 4, 2023
概括
这项研究比较了用于诊断肺栓塞 (PE) 的深度学习模型,使用计算机断层扫描肺血管扫描 (CTPA) 扫描. 自主监督学习和变压器模型在提高PE检测准确性和减少错误阳性方面表现有前途.
科学领域:
- 医疗成像医学成像
- 人工智能的人工智能
- 肺部医学 肺部医学
背景情况:
- 肺栓塞 (PE) 是一种危及生命的疾病,通常通过计算机断层扫描肺血管扫描 (CTPA) 进行诊断.
- 深度学习 (DL) 提供了计算机辅助诊断 (CAD) 的潜力,但许多方法导致混乱.
- 需要进行全面的分析,以指导有效的PE CAD系统的开发.
研究的目的:
- 综合分析和比较使用多个数据集进行PE诊断的竞争深度学习方法.
- 评估不同预培训策略 (自主监督与监督) 和转移学习的影响.
- 研究新的架构,如基于嵌入的ViT (E-ViT) 和面向容器的图像表示,以改进PE检测和假阳性减少.
主要方法:
- 卷积神经网络 (CNN),视觉变压器 (ViT) 和旋转变压器在四个数据集中进行切片级PE分类的比较.
- 自主监督与监督的预培训和转移学习的评估.
- 基于嵌入的ViT (E-ViT) 的开发和评估,用于考试级别的PE诊断.
- 分析面向血管的图像表示和自我监督的预训练,用于2D,2.5D和3D的凝块级假阳性减少.
主要成果:
- 转移学习提高了绩效,自我监督的预训可以超过监督的方法.
- 变压器模型显示了与CNN相似的切片级性能,尽管收速度较慢.
- E-ViT框架有效地处理可变切片数用于考试级诊断.
- 面向船舶的表示和自我监督的预训练显著改善了跨维度的错误阳性减少.
- 最佳方法超过RSNA PE数据集的最新状态 (0.62%的切片级,2.22%的考试级AUC增长),并且在内部PE-CAD数据集上实现了11%的改进.
结论:
- 深度学习,特别是自主监督的预训练和基于变压器的模型,显示了改善PE诊断的重大前景.
- 面向船舶的图像表示和像E-ViT这样的先进架构对于提高PE检测的准确性和减少误报至关重要.
- 这些发现为开发针对肺栓塞的强大的CAD系统提供了宝贵的指导.
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