"这不是他们该死的生意":美国人口普查中的隐私和披露控制,1790-2020年
Steven Ruggles1, Diana L Magnuson1
1Institute for Social Research and Data Innovation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, 55455, USA.
Population and development review
|November 6, 2023
概括
自1790年以来,公众对美国人口普查隐私和数据保密的担忧一直存在. 限制公共数据访问是无效的;人口普查局必须平衡数据的可用性与披露控制的好处.
科学领域:
- 人口统计数据 人口统计数据
- 政府研究 政府研究
- 数据 隐私 数据 隐私 数据
背景情况:
- 关于美国人口普查的公共隐私问题可以追溯到1790年美国人口普查成立之初.
- 保密承诺出现在19世纪中叶,以解决这些隐私问题.
- 最近不断升级的保密性问题可能会降低可访问的人口数据的实用性.
研究的目的:
- 追踪自1790年以来美国人口普查中隐私和披露控制的历史演变.
- 评估控制公众访问人口普查信息的有效性,以应对隐私问题.
- 为人口普查局提供关于未来披露控制策略的建议.
主要方法:
- 美国人口普查记录和与隐私和保密有关的政策的历史分析.
- 审查关于人口普查数据,隐私和披露控制的政府文件和学术文献.
- 检查保密性问题对数据可用性的影响.
主要成果:
- 隐私和保密一直是美国人口普查历史上持续存在的问题.
- 试图控制公众对人口普查数据的访问历史上一直无效,无法完全缓解隐私问题.
- 越来越多的保密性问题对人口普查人口数据的可用性构成重大威胁.
结论:
- 控制公众对人口普查信息的访问并不是解决公众隐私问题的有效长期解决方案.
- 人口普查局应该仔细评估限制数据访问和使用替代披露控制方法的好处之间的权衡.
- 未来的战略必须优先考虑平衡数据可靠性和可用性与强大的隐私保护.
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