通过结合的大脑刺激和多任务训练来概括学习中的个体差异的神经基质
Yohan Wards1, Shane E Ehrhardt1, Hannah L Filmer1
1School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, McElwain Building, Campbell Road, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia.
Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)
|November 6, 2023
概括
认知训练与大脑刺激相结合,改善了多任务能力,并导致像视觉搜索这样的未经训练的任务的持久改善. 这些收益持续了培训后的一个月.
科学领域:
- 认知神经科学 认知神经科学
- 神经可塑性 神经可塑性
- 大脑刺激 大脑刺激
背景情况:
- 多任务限制是常见的认知挑战.
- 认知训练可以提高多任务处理能力,但很难实现持久的,可转移的收益.
- 结合大脑刺激和认知训练,有望增强认知功能和转移.
研究的目的:
- 研究前额叶皮层的跨直流刺激 (tDCS) 与多任务训练相结合如何影响认知表现和大脑活动.
- 确定这些干预措施是否会产生持续的收益,并转移到未经训练的任务中.
- 为了确定培训转移背后的神经机制.
主要方法:
- 178名参与者接受了1mA左右前额皮层tDCS,并进行了多任务训练.
- 功能磁共振成像 (fMRI) 用于评估大脑活动.
- 在视觉搜索任务 (未经训练) 上的表现在训练前和训练后被测量,并进行1个月的随访.
主要成果:
- 多任务训练与tDCS相结合,导致视觉搜索任务性能显著改善.
- 这些性能提升持续了至少一个月的培训后.
- 在右半球刺激组的改善与右脊侧前额叶皮层,内侧和小脑内的大脑活动变化相关.
结论:
- 双重跨直流刺激和多任务训练可以诱导持久的,可转移的认知收益.
- 一般任务区域的功能性大脑动态,特别是右半球网络中的功能性大脑动态,对于响应联合刺激和训练干预措施至关重要.
- 这种方法提高了未经训练的任务的表现,表明了改善更广泛的认知能力的机制.
相关概念视频
Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory
Memory is one of the most vital higher mental functions of the brain. Memory is closely related to learning because it enables us to retain information and experiences from our past to use them in our present life. It also helps us to remember facts, events, and skills, such as riding a bike or swimming. There are two types of memory — declarative memory, which involves memorizing facts or events, and procedural memory, which enables us to remember how to do something like writing or playing an...
Introduction to Biological Bases of Psychology
Biopsychology serves as a vital bridge connecting the intricate domains of biology and psychology, shedding light on how biological systems influence psychological phenomena. This field scrutinizes the biological substrates of behavior and mental processes, emphasizing the nervous system along with the roles of neurotransmitters, hormones, and genetics. It also incorporates evolutionary perspectives to explain the adaptive nature of mental functions.
The nervous system, the cornerstone of...
The nervous system, the cornerstone of...
Neuroplasticity
Neuroplasticity reflects the brain's remarkable capacity to adapt and evolve, responding dynamically to learning, experiences, or injury by reorganizing its neural circuitry. This reorganization involves creating new neural connections and refining old ones through a series of biological processes that contribute to the brain's lifelong development and adaptability.
Organization of the Brain
The brain is an integral component of the nervous system and serves as the center for processing sensory inputs, making decisions, and directing bodily actions. This complex organ is organized into three primary sections: the hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain, each responsible for a range of vital functions.
Hindbrain
The hindbrain, located at the base of the brain, plays a vital role in regulating automatic processes that sustain life. It includes the medulla oblongata, which is essential for...
Hindbrain
The hindbrain, located at the base of the brain, plays a vital role in regulating automatic processes that sustain life. It includes the medulla oblongata, which is essential for...
Parallel Processing
The brain processes sensory information rapidly due to parallel processing, which involves sending data across multiple neural pathways at the same time. This method allows the brain to manage various sensory qualities, such as shapes, colors, movements, and locations, all concurrently. For instance, when observing a forest landscape, the brain simultaneously processes the movement of leaves, the shapes of trees, the depth between them, and the various shades of green. This enables a quick and...


