气候与能源安全:量化BECCS部署的权衡,克服置土地的机会成本
Elena Blanc-Betes1,2,3, Nuria Gomez-Casanovas4,5, Melannie D Hartman2,6
1Institute for Sustainability, Energy, and Environment, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States.
Environmental science & technology
|November 7, 2023
概括
碳捕获和储存 (BECCS) 的生物能源提供了气候效益,但面临着与能源安全的权衡. 为BECCS优化土地利用对于最大限度地提高气候效益,同时满足能源需求至关重要.
科学领域:
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 能源政策 能源政策
- 气候变化缓解缓解 气候变化缓解
背景情况:
- 生物能源与碳捕获和储存 (BECCS) 对于气候稳定和能源安全至关重要.
- 评估气候效益 (负排放) 和能源供应 (乙醇生产) 之间的权衡至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 评估土地利用机会成本对BECCS气候效益的影响.
- 确定能源作物的最佳空间分配策略,以最大限度地实现气候和能源目标.
- 用保护储备计划 (CRP) 土地来量化BECCS的潜力,用于气候缓解和能源目标.
主要方法:
- 使用空间显式模型来评估BECCS场景中的权衡.
- 根据不同的土地使用假设,每单位能源产生的量化碳排放.
- 评估了基于生物物理约束的空间作物分配的影响.
主要成果:
- 废弃农田的机会成本使每单位能源的碳排放增加了14-36%.
- 地质碳捕获和储存对于能源作物的负排放是必要的.
- 专用能源作物显示出比混合草地更高的性能.
- 在CRP土地上的BECCS可以每年捕获9 Tg C,节省16 Tg CE,达到美国10%的能源目标.
结论:
- 将能源安全纳入气候稳定途径是可行的,但涉及到权衡.
- 基于生物物理约束的能源作物的空间分配可以抵消机会成本.
- 优先考虑气候稳定与能源供应的政策议程对BECCS结果产生重大影响.
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