开发基于图像的决策支持系统,利用从基于文本的变压器的放射性自由文本报告数据库中提取的信息
Sebastian Nowak1, Helen Schneider2, Yannik C Layer3
1Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany. sebastian.nowak@ukbonn.de.
European radiology
|November 7, 2023
概括
变压器模型可以自动注释放射学报告,改善AI驱动诊断系统的发展. 这种方法为现场人工智能 (AI) 开发解锁了大型数据集,克服了手动注释的限制.
科学领域:
- 医疗成像中的人工智能
- 在医疗保健中的自然语言处理.
- 放射学和诊断系统的使用.
背景情况:
- 开发基于人工智能的诊断决策支持系统 (DDSS) 通常需要大型,准确注释的数据集.
- 手动注释放射图像和报告是耗时和资源密集的.
- 变压器模型为自动化注释过程提供了一个潜在的解决方案.
研究的目的:
- 评估基于变压器的报告注释在现场开发基于图像的DDSS的有效性.
- 用不同的注释策略 (金标签,银标签,组合) 训练DDSS模型的性能进行比较.
- 评估注释工作对模型性能的影响.
主要方法:
- 利用了来自19,581名重症监护室 (ICU) 患者的88,353张胸部X射线.
- 通过手动评估放射科医生报告生成"金标签",使用变压器模型生成"银标签".
- 训练有素的基于图像的模型仅使用金色标签 (M_G),银色然后金色 (M_S/G) 和银色加金色 (M_S+G) 标签.
主要成果:
- 与仅使用黄金标签相比,以变压器为基础的银标签显著提高了性能 (AUC).
- M_S/G方法显示出优异的结果,特别是在更大的数据集 (例如,14,580张图像) 中.
- 结合的银和金标签 (M_S+G) 具有较少的金标签 (N=500) 的好处.
结论:
- 基于变压器的注释具有很大的潜力,可以利用自由文本报告来开发基于图像的DDSS.
- 现场DDSS开发可以从单个报告之外的复杂注释管道中受益.
- 这种方法通过简化数据访问来促进AI在临床实践中的应用.
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