机器学习模型对阿尔茨海默病进展的算法公平性
Chenxi Yuan1,2, Kristin A Linn1,2, Rebecca A Hubbard1
1Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.
JAMA network open
|November 7, 2023
概括
用于预测阿尔茨海默病 (AD) 的机器学习模型显示偏差,西班牙裔和黑人个体的准确性较低. 算法公平性对于开发公平的AD进展模型至关重要.
科学领域:
- 神经学 神经学
- 人工智能的人工智能
- 生物医学数据科学 生物医学数据科学
背景情况:
- 机器学习 (ML) 模型为早期阿尔茨海默病 (AD) 检测和管理提供了希望.
- 然而,这些模型中的潜在偏差可能会加剧现有的健康差异.
研究的目的:
- 评估预测纵向AD进展的ML模型的算法公平性.
- 评估人口群体之间的公平性对于公平的医疗保健应用是必不可少的.
主要方法:
- 使用来自阿尔茨海默病神经成像计划 (ADNI) 的数据进行预后研究.
- 后勤回归 (LR),支持向量机器 (SVM) 和反复神经网络 (RNN) 被用来预测进展到轻度认知障碍 (MCI) 和AD.
- 公平性在性别,种族和种族之间被评估,使用机会平等和赔率均等等指标.
主要成果:
- 模型显示,与非西班牙裔白人参与者相比,西班牙裔和黑人参与者的预测灵敏度较低.
- 在MCI和AD进展方面,在种族和民族之间观察到真正的阳性率的显著差异.
- 公平性指标通常在性别方面得到满足,在特定的过渡阶段有一些例外.
结论:
- 虽然机器学习模型显示了总的准确性,但它们往往无法满足人口群体的公平性标准.
- 这些发现强调了在开发和部署用于预测AD进展的ML模型中纳入公平性考虑的关键需要.
- 确保算法公平性至关重要,以防止AD护理中的健康差异加剧.
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