裸足/极简主义跑步的生物力学和伤害预防
Greg Connors1, Justin Mathew2, Erik Freeland3
1Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
JBJS reviews
|November 7, 2023
概括
裸脚或极简的跑步可以通过改变生物力学来改善伤害,有利于前脚的打击. 然而,过快过渡会增加脚压力和受伤风险,需要仔细准备.
科学领域:
- 生物力学 生物力学
- 运动医学 运动医学
- 跑步伤害预防 跑步伤害预防
背景情况:
- 传统的跑步鞋与特定的生物力学模式和受伤概况有关.
- 由于对减少伤害和表现的潜在好处,人们对赤脚和极简跑步的兴趣越来越大.
- 对于跑步者和临床医生来说,了解这些跑步风格的生物力学和临床影响至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 调查与赤脚/极简主义跑步相关的生物机械变化.
- 评估那些采用赤脚/极简主义风格的跑步者的临床结果和受伤率.
- 为了比较脚撞击模式与鞋类在伤害预防中的相对重要性.
主要方法:
- 运行步态的生物机械分析,包括脚撞击模式,节奏和加载速度.
- 临床结果研究的综述,检查赤脚/极简主义者跑步者的伤害发生率和恢复情况.
- 对影响伤害风险和垂直负载率的因素进行比较分析.
主要成果:
- 裸足/极简主义跑步与前脚冲击相关,垂直负载率降低,节奏增加,关节能量吸收变化 (膝盖较少,脚较多).
- 临床研究表明,赤脚/极简主义者群体的先前受伤情况有所改善,受伤率相似或模两可.
- 对于预防伤害和管理垂直负荷率,脚撞击模式似乎比鞋类更为关键.
结论:
- 过渡到赤脚/极简主义的跑步涉及到重要的生物力学适应.
- 虽然对某些伤害有潜在的益处,但突然的过渡会增加脚压力和受伤风险.
- 跑步者应该仔细考虑风险和好处,重点关注足部的强化和逐步过渡到极简跑步.
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