对心血管疾病和死亡率的年龄特定可修改风险因素的排名:来自基于人口的纵向研究的证据
Fei Tian1, Lan Chen1, Zhengmin Min Qian2
1Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
EClinicalMedicine
|November 8, 2023
概括
心血管疾病 (CVD) 风险因素对所有年龄段的死亡率都有显著影响,在老年人中,其影响力下降. 针对高血压和腹部肥胖等代谢因素的有针对性的干预措施对于预防至关重要.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 心脏病学 心脏病学
背景情况:
- 心血管疾病 (CVD) 是一个主要的全球健康问题.
- 了解年龄特定风险因素的影响对于有效的预防策略至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 研究14种可修改风险因素对心血管疾病 (CVD) 和死亡率的年龄特异性影响.
- 量化不同年龄组中对这些风险因素的心脏病和死亡率的人口归因分数 (PAF).
主要方法:
- 分析了来自226,759名40岁以上没有心血管疾病的参与者的英国生物库数据.
- 计算CVD和死亡率的特定年龄危险比率 (HRs) 和人口归因分数 (PAFs).
- 从基线 (2006-2010) 到2021年9月30日的随访期,冠状动脉疾病,心力衰竭和中风的初级复合CVD结果.
主要成果:
- 在12.17年的时间里,发生了23,838例心血管疾病病例和11,949例死亡.
- 对心血管疾病和死亡率的整体PAF随着年龄的增长而下降 (56.53%在中年,49.78%在五代,42.45%在老年人中).
- 代谢因素,特别是高血压和腹部肥胖,在所有年龄组中对PAF做出了最重要的贡献. 吸烟是主要的行为因素,低收入/低教育是突出的社会经济因素.
结论:
- 在所有成年年龄组中,大量的心血管疾病病例和死亡是由于可修改的风险因素造成的.
- 干预措施应优先考虑高影响力和特定年龄的可修改风险因素.
- 这些发现支持针对心血管疾病预防和管理制定量身定制的医疗策略.
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