不熟练,表现不佳,还是没有意识到? 测试三种对元认知监测中的个人差异的解释
Jesse H Grabman1, Chad S Dodson1
1University of Virginia, United States of America.
Cognition
|November 8, 2023
概括
客观能力,而不仅仅是任务执行或自我意识,推动了面部识别中的准确元认知. 更高的客观能力导致更好的信心判断和校准,支持基于能力的帐户.
科学领域:
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 人类因素 人类因素
背景情况:
- 超认知,即监测自己认知过程的能力,对于有效的学习和决策至关重要.
- 在元认知方面存在个体差异,关于其潜在原因的争论仍在进行中.
- 关键的理论解释包括基于能力,基于绩效和元认知意识模型.
研究的目的:
- 调查客观能力在面部识别性能的元认知监测中的作用.
- 区分基于能力,基于绩效和元认知意识的解释,以解释元认知中的个体差异.
- 检查信心判断 (数值和口头) 与客观能力和任务准确性的关系.
主要方法:
- 603名参与者完成了自我评估和面部识别能力的客观测试.
- 采用了阵容识别任务,使用操纵编码重复和延迟来改变性能水平.
- 信任判断 (数值和口头,后者通过机器学习量化) 被收集在决策后.
主要成果:
- 客观上熟练的面部识别器表现出更好地区分正确与不正确的识别的信任评级.
- 更高的客观能力与更好的准确度对信心的校准相关.
- 自我评估能力积极预测的信心水平,独立于实际的准确性.
结论:
- 这些发现支持了基于能力的元认知解释,强调了客观技能的作用.
- 客观能力,而不是仅仅是感知能力或任务执行,是准确的元认知监测的关键决定因素.
- 信心判断作为一个更可靠的元认知信号,当建立在客观能力.
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