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评估人工智能软件在追溯真实世界英国人口的胸部X射线上检测肺结节的性能

Ahmed Maiter^1,2, Katherine Hocking², Suzanne Matthews^2,3

¹School of Medicine and Population Health, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.

|November 8, 2023

概括

商业人工智能 (AI) 软件用于在胸部放射图上检测肺癌,在现实世界的英国研究中表现不佳. 人工智能工具的积极预测值很低,可能会导致不必要的患者调查,并限制临床使用.

科学领域:

医疗成像医学成像
医疗保健中的人工智能
在瘤学瘤学.

背景情况:

在胸部放射图上早期检测肺癌对于患者的治疗结果至关重要.
人工智能 (AI) 工具为提高诊断准确性和简化肺癌检测途径提供了潜力.

研究的目的:

为了评估商业上可用的基于人工智能的软件的实际性能,该软件旨在识别胸部X射线图上的癌症肺结节.

主要方法:

对来自英国初级保健机构的5722张胸部X射线进行了回顾性分析.
人工智能软件独立评估了放射图,并将输出与放射科医生报告和多学科团队癌症诊断进行了比较.
故障分析检查了X射线图上的软件标记位置,以了解差异.

主要成果:

与放射科医生报告相比,AI软件的灵敏度为54.5%,特异性为83.2%.
与癌症诊断相比,灵敏度为60.9%,特异性为83.3%,阳性预测值 (PPV) 低至5.6%.
错误阳性发生率很高,在69.9%的病例中,正常解剖被误认为异常.

结论:

人工智能软件在这个现实世界队列中表现明显不佳,可能是因为其训练数据缺乏概括性.
低PPV带来了过度调查的风险,阻碍了软件的临床翻译.
研究结果强调,人工智能工具需要在代表性数据集上进行培训和验证,以便在医学成像中有效实施.

关键词:

胸部成像 - 胸部成像诊断成像诊断成像的使用.诊断辐射学诊断辐射学

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