探索"证据"的各种定义:一个范围审查
Xuan Yu1,2, Shouyuan Wu3, Yajia Sun3
1Evidence Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
BMJ evidence-based medicine
|November 8, 2023
概括
学者们在科学证据的定义上缺乏共识,在健康和社会科学中发现了54个独特的定义. 需要进一步讨论,以建立一个标准化的研究定义.
科学领域:
- 健康科学 卫生科学 卫生科学
- 社会科学 社会科学 社会科学
背景情况:
- "证据"一词被广泛使用,但在科学研究中缺乏普遍接受的定义.
- 研究人员越来越关注健康和社会科学中证据的定义.
研究的目的:
- 系统地收集和分析健康和社会科学中"证据"的各种定义.
- 帮助用户正确使用"证据"一词,并促使科学研究中对其定义进行重新评估.
主要方法:
- 进行了范围审查,系统地搜索了五个电子数据库 (Medline,科学网,EBSCO,CSSCI,CSCD) 到2022年2月.
- 六位评论员独立选择了研究,提取了关于"证据"定义的数据,并将其分类为密集型或扩展型.
- 纳入标准集中在健康和社会科学的定义上,不包括法律背景和非英语/中文出版物.
主要成果:
- 从49份文件中,共确定了54个不同的"证据"定义.
- 大多数定义是密集的 (42) 与扩展的 (12) 相比.
- 在定义中使用的常见术语包括"信息"",事实"和"研究/研究",其中"研究"最常出现. 在健康和社会科学之间,定义各不相同.
结论:
- 在科学研究中,没有广泛认可或接受的"证据"定义.
- 多样化的解释强调了需要一个更清晰,标准化的定义,以确保一致的应用和理解.
- 需要进一步考虑,以确定建立标准化,有意义和广泛适用的"证据"定义的潜在好处和情况.
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