制药创新是否降低了美国医疗保健病例的平均成本?
Frank R Lichtenberg1,2,3
1Graduate School of Business, Columbia University, New York, USA. frank.lichtenberg@columbia.edu.
制药创新,特别是5-20年前批准的新药,显著降低了美国平均医疗保健病例成本和住院日数. 这表明药物开发的长期节省成本的好处.
科学领域:
- 卫生经济学 卫生经济学
- 制药政策 制药政策
- 医疗保健服务研究 医疗服务研究
背景情况:
- 技术创新经常被认为是美国医疗保健支出上升的驱动力.
- 制药创新对医疗保健成本的具体影响需要详细调查.
研究的目的:
- 分析制药创新对2000年至2014年间美国医疗保健病例平均成本的影响.
- 评估药物批准增长与平均事件成本变化之间的关系,控制其他因素.
主要方法:
- 利用了经济分析局的医疗卫星账户和其他来源的数据.
- 研究了大约200种疾病的批准药物数量与每次发病平均成本的随后增长之间的关联.
- 控制了发作数量和其他相关变量的增长.
主要成果:
- 平均发作成本与0-4年前批准的药物没有显著的关系,但与5-20年前批准的药物相反相关.
- 保守的估计表明,1986年至1999年期间批准的药物减少了平均发作成本4.7%,1996年至2009年的批准减少了2.1%.
- 10-19年前批准的药物与住院日数相反相关,1984年至1997年的批准减少了10.5%的住院日数.
结论:
- 药品创新,随着时间的延迟,似乎可以降低医疗保健的平均成本.
- 新药批准对减少医疗保健利用,特别是医院住院日的延迟但重大影响.
- 制药创新的长期成本节约效应可能会超过最初的药物开支.
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